Базовый курс английского языка - Эккерсли К.Э.
ISBN 5-7871-0174-X
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Smoking is allowed in this carriage. Lucille likes dancing.
Seeing is believing. Olaf is fond of walking. George earns his living by selling washing-machines.
After a preposition (like of or by in the last two sentences) the only part of the verb that can be used is the gerund. The gerund often qualifies a noun just as the participle does, but note the difference in meaning between:
HOB: That reminds me of the boys who put up a notice outside their garden gate
NOTICE
If you are interested in water-sports, swimming, diving, floating, etc., come and see the floating match here this afternoon. Admission 3d.
Some people paid their three pences and went inside, and all they saw was match-stick floatirig in a saucerful of water.
MR. PRIESTLEY: They expected to see a gerund and all they saw was a participle!
Notice the difference in pronunciation. When a participle qualifies a noun, both words are stressed. When a gerund qualifies a noun, only the gerund is stressed, e.g.
Participle
Gerund
a dancing girl (= a girl who is dancing or who dances) a sleeping child (=a child who is sleeping) a walking doll (= a doll that walks)
a dancing-teacher (= a teacher of dancing)
a sleeping-caxxiage, (= a railway carriage fitted with beds) a walking match (= a race for fast walkers)
651 ¦
Participle a 'sleeping 'child a 'running 'stream
Gerund a 'sleeping-carriage 'running-shoes
¦ УПРАЖНЕНИЯ
1. Работа со словами. Придумайте предложения: actually (use also actual)-, diary (how does this differ from dairy?);
staggering; twist; fascinating; logical; (what is the opposite?); poultry; thread; democratic; vegetable
2. Объясните следующие выражения из дневника Лусилл и приведите примеры на каждое словосочетание:
under separate cover; all the same; it takes your breath away; it is laid out regularly; I couldn't help thinking; fortress-like; a well-mannered man
3. Дайте британский вариант предложений:
I called Lucille to see if she was back from her vacation and would like to come out with me to dinner and the movies. She said she would love it so I said 1 would come for her. I hung up, went home and changed my coat, vest and pants, put some dollar bills and drove to Lucille's apartment. I went up in the elevator and into her apartment. I admired the new drapes; we ate one or two crackers and cookies and some candy and then went down to my automobile. I had left it (full of gas) by the sidewalk.
4. Замените прямую речь косвенной. Начинайте словами: "I asked Lucille
Образец: "Have you ever been to America before?"
I asked Lucille if (whether) she had ever been to America before.
1 Note, too, that there is a hyphen between the gerund and the noun.
¦652
1. Are you keeping a journal?
' 2. Do you think your journal will interest Mr. Priestley?
3. Did you go to the top of the Empire State Building?
4. How high is that building?
5. Did you go along Fifth Avenue?
6. What do the American call biscuits?
7. Can you find your way easily about New York?
5. Придумайте предложения со следующими словосочетаниями, используя герундий:
I am fond of; laugh at; look forward to; think about; believe in; afraid of; instead of; succeed in; tired of; interested in; used to; have difficulty in; in the habit of; in danger of; reason for; ashamed of
*
Сочинение
Напишите короткое сочинение на следующие темы:
1. First impressions.
2. The pleasures of travel.
Qpok 25
The American Scene (2)
Lucille's Journal (concluded)
17th February.
One often hears of the Englishman's "reserve"; how he likes to "keep himself to himself'; and how on a long railway journey, with four Englishmen in the carriage, often there won't be a word spoken during the whole journey. I'm sure that wouldn't be the case in America. The Englishman thinks it is ill-mannered to ask personal questions. The American doesn't feel that at all. In the short ride between the boat on which you arrived in New York and the hotel to which you are being driven, the taxi driver will have told you all about himself, his wife and family and probably the towns in England that he was in during the war. He will inquire where you have come from, what your job is, how you like America and how long you are staying in New York. The Englishman prizes privacy, the American prefers sociability. I think this same feeling shows itself in the houses in the two countries. The Englishman's suburban house has its little garden with a hedge or a fence all round it to shut him off from his neighbours. "The Englishman's home is his castle."
The American houses have no hedges or fences separating them from the pavement or from each other. There are none of those little shut-off gardens; generally just a strip of grass with trees in it. The American in his home doesn't object to being seen by everyone-he actually likes it. And inside the house, instead of the separate hall, living-room, dining-room so typical of the English house, the American has the "open plan" house, just one large room where all the family activities (usually noisy) go on with, perhaps, a "dining recess" or a "kitchen-breakfast-room".
