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Базовый курс английского языка - Эккерсли К.Э.

Эккерсли К.Э. Базовый курс английского языка — М.: Лист Нью, 2002. — 704 c.
ISBN 5-7871-0174-X
Скачать (прямая ссылка): bazoviykursangliyskogo2003.djvu
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At first the war went badly for the North. They had the bigger population, the greater wealth, the more arms factories; but their soldiers were untrained, unready and unwarlike. The Southerners had great skill in riding and shooting; they were brave, gallant and well-led. Their general, Robert E. Lee, was perhaps the greatest soldier alive at the time. They won a succession of brilliant victories.
In those early years the North had no soldier to compare with Lee. But they had Lincoln. For four years he shouldered an almost unbearable burden of defeats and disasters and of disloyalty in his Cabinet by those he thought were his friends. He was saddened by the terrible slaughter on both sides, and in his personal life, by the death of his elder sot) and the mental illness of his wife. But he was un-
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shaken by defeats, by sadness or disappointments. Generals failed; he appointed others. Armies fought badly; he sent them reinforcements. The people's courage was failing; his speeches revived it. He never lost courage or faith in the righteousness of his cause.
Gradually the tide turned. He appointed General Grant to take command-not without considerable opposition from the rest of the Cabinet. Grant was of humble origin, shabby in dress, rough in speech and manners, and there were many stories of his hard drinking. Lincoln knew that these stories were exaggerated and, when a member of the Government demanded that, because of his drinking, Grant should be dismissed, Lincoln replied-with a touch of humour that was characteristic of him-"Grant wins battles. If I knew what kind of liquor he drinks I would send a barrel or so to some other of my generals."
Grant proved worthy of Lincoln's trust. Now the armies of Grant and Sherman, Grant's second in command, were advancing everywhere. In November 1864, Sherman with an army of 60,000 men marched off from Atlanta, southwards into Georgia. For a month nothing was heard of them. Then on Christmas Day, Lincoln received a telegram from Sherman:
"I beg to offer you as a Christmas present the city of Savannah." They had marched 300 miles, from Atlanta to the sea, all the way through enemy country. The enemy forces had been cut in half.
In January Sherman marched northwards again to where Grant was attacking Lee. Final victory could not be far away now; and now that the triumph of his policy was assured, Lincoln issued a proclamation setting free every man, woman and child in the U.S.A. Slavery was ended. And, though fighting did not cease until May 26th, the Civil War was over. Lincoln's unconquerable spirit, his steadfast faith in his country's true destiny, his resolute leadership had won the day.
He now turned from leadership in war to reconciliation in peace, and he showed as great a nobility of spirit in reconciling former enemies for peace as he had shown in heartening his country for war.
On April 14th, after a very busy day, the President and his wife went to see the performance of a play at Ford's Theatre in Washington.
In an inn near the theatre was a 25-year-old unsuccessful actor named John Wilkes Booth. He was a supporter of the defeated South. As the play was going to start again after the interval, Booth entered the theatre and walked slowly towards the President's box and opened the door. The sound of a shot broke in on the play, and Booth leaped from the box on to the stage and hurried out through an exit door. Smoke was seen coming from the President's box and the theatre was filled with shouting, madly excited people. Soldiers hurried in to clear the building, and Lincoln, shot through the head, was carried unconscious to a house across the road from the theatre, and laid on the bed. He never recovered consciousness and died next morning.
"Now he belongs to the ages."1
* * *
The Complement (Именная часть сказуемого)
FRIEDA: Excuse me, Mr. Priestley, but would you please tell me what the "Complement" of a sentence is.
MR. PRIESTLEY: Certainly, Frieda. There are some verbs that can express an idea quite fully without an object or anything else; for example:
¦ The sun shines. The birds are singing The crowd cheered.
But that is not the case with some verbs2; for example:
Yesterday was; The trees seem; The boy became; Hob is. '
We must add something to these verbs before the sense is complete, e.g.
1 It was in these words that Stanton (the Vfor Minister in Lincoln's government), who was watching at Lincoln's bed, announced the President's death.
2 These are called "Verbs of Incomplete Predication".
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ABRAHAM
LINCOLN
Yesterday was my birthday. The trees seem dead. The boy became angry. Hob is asleep again.
The words my birthday, dead, angry, asleep again are Complements. They are not objects; all the verbs I have used there are intransitive verbs, and intransitive verbs don't take an object. You can see the difference between a complement and an object in the following examples:
The child smelt the flowers. (Object)
The flowers smell sweet. (Complement)
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