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— gross pay — pay before deductions for income tax, etc.
— nett pay — pay after deductions, i. e. what a worker actually receives
— take-home pay — a colloquial equivalent of nett pay Pay
is also used of money paid not for work but instead of work.
— sick pay — paid to workers who are ill
— holiday pay — paid to workers who are on holiday
Note also the expression holiday with pay.
eg 12. Employees of this company are entitled to three , , ( holiday with pay. weeks \ paid holiday.
— unemployment pay — paid to those who are unemployed
— strike pay — paid by unions to workers on strike
stipend
This word was formerly used in the sense of salary but is now rare. The COD defines it as "fixed periodical money allowance for work done, salary, esp. clergyman's official income" and Hornby as "(esp. clergyman's) salary".
The adjective stipendiary is sometimes used, meaning "re-
138 ceiving a salary, paid for one's work". For example, stipendiary magistrates are those who are paid for their work (they are professional lawyers) in contrast to ordinary magistrates, or Justices of the Peace, who are not.
Note that the money allowance paid to students by the state is called a grant.1
fee
This is used of payments made to doctors, lawyers, teachers, architects and other professional people for their services, if these services are given on a private basis. Unlike a salary, a fee is not a regular payment but payment for certain work. In Britain doctors who work within the National Health Service receive a salary from the state; those who work privately receive fees from their patients. Private schools charge fees and can be called fee-paying schools. Colleges and universities, although not private, also charge fees. However, these fees do not represent the full cost of the education provided and the fees of many students (all except those whose parents have high incomes) are paid by the local authority, in addition to the maintenance grant.
royalty
Royalty is used as a countable noun to denote a payment made by a publisher to an author, editor or composer for each copy of a book, musical work, etc. sold, or by a performer or producer for each public performance of a play or musical work.
eg a. The publisher offered him a royalty of 10% (of the price of the book on all copies sold), b. He received ?500 in royalties.
The plural form is more common than the singular.
Another, similar meaning of royalty is "the sum paid to the proprietor of a patented invention for the use of it."
Exercise. Fill in the blanks with wage, salary, pay, or royalty (sg. or pi.), giving alternatives where possible. The occupation of the person(s) to whom payment is made is given in brackets where necessary.
1. Train drivers are demanding higher .... 2. The workers complained that they couldn't live on their .... (factory-workers) 3. He was a skilled craftsman and earned good .... 4. His . . . is ?250 a month. 5. He could not afford to pay the solicitor's . . . . 6. He spends
і The usage of this word, and scholarship is treated fully in: Povey /., Walshe /. AN ENGLISH TEACHER'S HANDBOOK. M., 1982 (unit 413).
139 about a quarter of his ... on rent, (teacher) 7. It's ... day tomorrow. 8. Do miners receive high . . . ? 9. The government announced a . . . freeze. 10. Talks about nurses'. . . will continue tomorrow. 11. What is the minimum .. . in the building industry? 12. He was offered a more interesting job but at a slightly lower .... (engineer) 13. In England only best-selling writers can live on their ... . 14. Bill felt very proud of himself when he received his first . . . packet at the end of the week. 15. Public school ... are now so high that only a small minority of parents can afford to send their children there.
Want, Try, Attempt
Want expresses only desire. Therefore if the desire is translated into action to achieve what is desired, try should be used instead.
eg 1. The thief tried to run away but a passer-by caught him by the arm.
2. I tried to open the cupboard but it was locked.
Want can be used in such sentences only to denote a desire to do something.
Attempt can be used instead of try in formal style.
Try and attempt generally imply lack of success. Thus He tried!attempted to run away implies that he was unsuccessful, even if this is not stated. Similarly such sentences as The writer tries!attempts to show!prove!describe, etc. ... usually imply that he did not manage to do so, or only to a limited degree. If he was successful, we say simply uThe writer shows!proves/describes, etc. ..."
Thus there are three separate situations, as illustrated by the following examples:
3. He wanted to run away. (but he didn't even try)
— desire, usually without action
4. He tried!attempted to run away.
— action, usually unsuccessful
5. He ran away.
— successful action.
Although try and attempt are synonymous in the above examples, the distinction being purely stylistic, try has other uses, in which it cannot be replaced by attempt, even in formal style.
