Говорите правильно по-английски - Поуви Дж.
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Exercise. Fill in the blanks with useful, helpful or good for you.
1. I found the discussion very ... . 2. I want to give her something ... for her birthday. 3. — Eat up your cabbage, Brian. It's very ... . 4. Paul will be a ... person to have on the committee. 5. I didn't know what to choose but the assistant was very ... . 6. — Don't throw that box away. It may come in ... . 7. This book will be particularly ... to teachers. 8. — This is such a ... skirt. 9. It will be very ... to go skiing regularly. We shall get plenty of exercise and fresh air. 10. When I go to see my friends I try to make myself .... 11. — This salad is very nice. — It's very ..., too. 12. He finds the electric drill he bought very ... .
Variant, Version
Variant is a learned word applied mainly to different forms of words, sayings, texts, etc., or species (of plants, animals, etc.).
eg 1. "Hullo", "hello" and uhallo" are three variants of the same word. 2. There are two variants of this saying: iiA poor workman blames his tools" and uA bad workman quarrels with his tools".
133 З. Even after a close study of the two manuscripts scholars could not agree as to which was the original variant of this phrase.
Version is much more widely used, in various contexts. Firstly it is applied to a particular translation (of a whole work, a passage or simply a phrase or word).
eg 4. Which version of uEugene Onegin" do you like best?
5. (When discussing a translation in class)
— Vve got a different version.
6. —Can anybody suggest a better version?
7. — Your version is rather clumsy.
It may also denote one of two or more existing variants of a book or other work.
eg 8. — I've just read uThe Magus" by John Fowles.
— The original version or the revised version?
9. There are several modern versions of Shakespeare's plays.
10. —Have you seen uMy Fair Lady"?
— Yes, the screen version, not the stage version.
Another meaning of version is "one person's account of an event or situation as compared with that of another person".
eg 11. The girl said she was just standing at the side of the road waiting to cross, but the driver's version was quite different. He said she dashed out in front of the car.
12. All the witnesses gave different versions of what happened.
13. I've listened to everybody else. New tell me your version.
Version is also used of goods (produced and sold).
eg 14. This dress is a cheaper version of the one we saw in the other shop. 15. The new version of this tape-recorder has a better microphone.
Exercise. Fill in the blanks with variant or version (sg. or pi.).
1. "A University Grammar of English" by Quirk, Greenbaum, Leech and Svartvik is a shorter ... of "A Grammar of Contemporary English" by the same authors. 2. I shan't decide anything until I've heard Bill's ... of the affair. 3. Thresh and thrash are two ... of the same verb. 4. — Alison, please read out your ... . (of a translation)
134 5. — Which ... of the song do you like best? 6. — Your sewing machine's the same as mine, isn't it? — It's the same model, but a slightly smaller ... . 7. The ... sarvant occurs in only one text; the others all have servant. 8. The newspaper I read gave a different ... of the incident. 9. Thru is an American ... of through. 10. I enjoyed the orchestral ... more.
Wage, Salary, Pay, Stipend, Fee, Royalties
These words are all used to denote money paid for work but they are not interchangeable. Their usage is as follows: wage(s), salary.
Most employed people are paid a wage or a salary. The difference between these two words, and the forms of payment they denote, is related to the traditional distinction between a trade, that is, a manual occupation or other occupation not requiring advanced study, and a profession, that is, an occupation requiring advanced study, especially a university degree.1 Thus factory-workers and other manual workers, clerks, typists and other office-workers below management level, shop assistants, and so on receive wages, whereas professional people (for example, teachers, doctors, lawyers, managers) receive salaries.
However, wage and salary are not synonyms, differentiated only according to the type of occupation. Wages are usually paid weekly, in cash, whereas salaries are usually paid monthly, by cheque. Thus a factory-worker or a typist, for example, receives a small sealed envelope or wage packet every week (usually on Thursday or Friday), inside which is the money he or she has earned and a slip of paper (or wage slip) giving details about how the amount has been calculated, including deductions for income tax, etc.
The wages of many industrial workers are made up of several elements: their basic wage, which is the fixed sum they receive for a certain number of hours (usually 40-44 hours a week) at the basic rate (of pay); overtime pay, for any extra hours, which are paid at a higher rate, called the overtime rate; and sometimes a bonus (an additional payment for a particular reason, for example, higher productivity). Thus their wages vary at least slightly from week to week.
