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The plural form wages is widely used even when the sense is singular.
1 For a full treatment of these words see: Povey /., Walshe /. AN ENGLISH TEACHER'S HANDBOOK. M., 1982.
135 eg 1. He went to get his wages. 2. His wages are ?130 a week.
The distinction between wage and wages with singular meaning is not clear cut. However, the following tendencies can be observed in practice.
The singular form is mainly confined to cases where the word is modified by an adjective or other attribute.
eg 3. The minimum wage in the ship-building industry is ?... a week.
Other expressions with wage include:
a good/decent/regular/living wage
Note. Living here means "enough to live on".
Even when there is an attribute the plural form is often used, at least with such adjectives as good, decent and regular (but not, for example, with minimum or living).
eg 4. He earns good!decent/regular wages. The singular form wage is usual when it is itself attributive, as in:
— wage packet — see above
— wage increase/rise
— wage freeze=a (usually temporary) ban on wage increases
— wage-earner=one who works for wages (contrasted with the salaried classes)
As stated above, salaries are paid to professional people, monthly, by cheque. At the end of the month such people are given a cheque for a certain amount, or, more often, simply a slip of paper informing them that this sum has been paid into their bank account. This slip also shows the deductions which have been made, for example, for income tax, like the wage slip described above. When a person receives his salary slip he can go to the bank and draw out all or part of the money, and write cheques to other people or institutions; for example, he can pay his rent, his gas, electricity and telephone bills by cheque, and pay for large purchases in shops by cheque, too. Thus a person who receives a salary must have a bank account, whereas a wage-earner need not (and usually does not).
Salaries are not so closely linked to the mumber of hours worked as wages. Salaried people often (although not always) have to work a certain number of hours a week but if they work extra hours they are not paid any more.
136 Sometimes salaries are expressed as a yearly figure, for example, ?15,000 p. a. (Lat. per annum = per year). This is the usual practice in advertisements for jobs in newspapers. Speaking about a person's income we can say, for example, "He earns ?15,000 a year". However, this does not mean that he is paid yearly, although the amount may include other income besides his regular salary.
pay
The use of pay as a noun was formerly restricted to the armed forces. Hornby gives the following definition: ttMoney paid for regular work or services, esp. in the armed forces. ('Pay' is used instead of 'wages' and 'salary' in the Army, Navy and Air Force)". During recent years, however, it has come to be widely used as a general term, including both wages and salaries. There are probably three reasons for this development:
(1) It enables one to avoid using "wages and salaries" in general statements relating to all employed people;
eg 5. Higher pay usually leads to higher prices.
(2) The distinction between those jobs in which workers receive wages and those where they receive a salary (the old distinction between a trade and a profession) is not as clear cut as it used to be. Using pay avoids this difficulty in borderline cases.
(3) Pay is a short word and therefore especially favoured by journalists.
Thus pay can be used either as a general term, as in example 5 above, or instead of wage(s) or salary lies in such sentences as:
6. Miners are demanding higher pay. (= wages)
7. Discussions about teachers' pay will take place next week. (= salaries)
Pay is used in many expressions, especially in the mass media but also in conversation. Here are some of the most common.
— pay day — the day on which one is paid (There is no corresponding expression with wage or salary.)
— pay packet = wage packet (see above)
This expression may also be used to denote the wages themselves.
eg 8. The latest rise will add ?3 to the miners' weekly pay packet.
137 — pay slip = wage/salary slip (see above)
— pay cheque = salary cheque (see above)
— pay rise/increase
— pay claim — a demand for higher pay
eg 9. The dockers have put in a 15% pay claim.
— pay offer — an offer of a pay increase, made by the employers in response to a pay claim (It is nearly always lower than the amount demanded.)
eg 10. The electricity workers have accepted/rejected the management's latest pay offer.
— pay talks/negotiations—talks/negotiations about pay
— equal pay (for equal work)
In practice this usually means equal pay for men and women doing the same work.
— pay parity ['paerati] — equal pay for workers in different companies or industries doing the same or comparable work.
eg 11. Drivers employed by British Road Services (a state-owned corporation) are demanding pay parity with drivers in the private sector.
