Говорите правильно по-английски - Поуви Дж.
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В. Translate the following passage into English, using the vocabulary given at the end.
Однажды Луиджи Гроссо, итальянский художественный критик, работающий в Лондоне, обнаружил в маленьком антикварном магазине картину, подписанную «Винцент». Картина стоила 35 фунтов. Гроссо-не стал строить иллюзии по поводу подлинности, но купил картину потому, что она ему понравилась. Художественный институт Куртоулд после тщательного изучения сообщил Гроссо, что его Ван Гог подлинный и цена ему 150 тысяч фунтов, а может, больше.
an antique shop; to have no illusions about smth./smb.; authentic» authenticity; an authentic/original Van Gogh; The Courtauld Institute
Realize is usually preferable to understand in the sense of "be or become aware of", "recognize (a fact)",
eg 1. I realize that you're busy but perhaps you could help me for a moment.
2. Do you realize {that) it's Saturday?
3. I soon realized that I was wasting my time.
4. He didn't realize his mistake until it was too late.
5. I never realized before how lonely she was.
6. Suddenly he realized that he was alone in the house.
7. You don't seem ' и serious the situation is.
Realize, Understand
to realize
seriousness of the situation.
105 In some cases realize is not simply more usual than understand but has quite a different meaning. For example, "/ realize that ...", as in sentence 1 above, means "I am aware (of the fact) that ..." whereas uI understand that ..." may mean "tI have learnt, I have been told".
eg 8. I understand that you are leaving our department. 9. I understood that the job had been given to someone else.
This use of understand is characteristic of formal style. In informal style I hear/heard or Vve/Vd been told would be more usual.
Another case where understand could have a different meaning is no. 4. He didn't realize his mistake means that he was not aware that he had made a mistake and implies "that when someone tells him about it everything will be clear to him (or he may recognize the fact himself later). He didn't understand his mistake means that even when Ihe mistake was pointed out to him he did not understand -what was wrong.
In a few cases either realize or understand can be used with no difference in meaning.
eg 10. I realize/understand how you feel.
11. They don't seem to realize/understand the importance of hard work.
Realize also has other meanings quite separate from that of understand. They are:
(1) "convert (a hope, ambition, etc.) into reality";
eg 12. Tony's hopes were soon realized.
13. He never realized his life-long ambition.
(2) "exchange for money, sell";
14. He was advised to realize the shares (акции) as quickly as possible.
However, this use is mainly confined to specialized financial contexts and should be avoided in general conversation. Slightly more common are the meanings: <3) "get (money) by selling";
eg 15. He realized a profit on the house.
and (4) "bring (money), of something sold";
eg 16. The furniture realized a high price at the auction.
106 Exercise. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate form of realize or understand.
1. Do you . . . what time it is? 2. Do you . . . this word? 3. I don't . . . modern art. 4. He suddenly . . . that it was his mother's birthday. 5. Do they . . . that you need help? 6. I can't . . . why he behaves like that. 7. I ... that you have a typewriter for sale. (= I have been informed) 8. I ... that it's rather late but perhaps it would be better to discuss the matter now. 9. Many years later his plan was .... 10. Then she ... that he was serious about resigning. 11. I didn't . . . his explanation. 12. You don't seem to . . . how difficult life is for them. 13. I never . . . before how old the building is. 14. He ... about ?200 on the sale of the china, (past tense) 15. Everyone should be made to . . . the importance of disarmament.
Replace, Substitute
Replace and substitute can both be translated as заменять in certain cases, but they are used in different ways.
Replace has three meanings:
(1) "put back (in its place)";
eg 1. He replaced the book on the shelf.
2. The operator told me to replace the receiver. (=of the telephone)
This is formal style for put back!down.
(2) "put smth. in place of smth. else";
eg 3. If you lose this book you'll have to replace it. (=buy another copy of the same book)
4. The equipment is very old and must be replaced. (=New equipment must be bought.)
5. (Instructions for an exercise) Replace the underlined words with expressions from the text. (=Put expressions from the text instead of the underlined words.)
(3) "take the place of smth., smb.";
eg 6. The motor car gradually replaced the horse-drawn carriage.
7. When Mr Smith retired, Mr Brown replaced him (as manager).
Passive use is also fairly common in such sentences.
eg 8. The horse-drawn carriage was gradually replaced by the motor car.
9. When Mr Smith retired he was replaced by Mr Brown.
