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Говорите правильно по-английски - Поуви Дж.

Поуви Дж. Говорите правильно по-английски — М.: Высшая школа, 1984. — 152 c.
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Price, Cost, Value, Worth

Price means "the amount of money for which something is offered, sold or bought".

eg 1. What is the price of this dress?

2. They couldn't buy the house because the price was too high.

3. The price of petrol has gone up.

4. English people often complain about rising prices.

Cost as a verb expresses the same idea as the noun price.

eg 5. How much does this dress cost?

(=What is the price of this dress?)

102 6. The picture cost ?100.

( = The price of the picture was ?100.)

In such cases cost is more colloquial than price.

Occasionally the noun cost is used in the same sense as price.

eg 7. // you buy more than 10 books we will reduce the cost of each book by 10%.

More often, however, cost has a different meaning, namely the amount of money needed to produce something or carry out some process, or provide some service.

eg 8. The cost of training doctors is borne by the state. 9. ?10 will hardly cover the cost of materials.

10. Many companies are trying to cut labour costs by reducing their work force.

(Note the use of the plural form here.)

The distinction between cost and price can be seen from the following example:

11. Higher production costs (including labour costs, cost of materials, etc.) usually lead to higher prices.

Cost price is used in such sentences as:

12. They bought the furniture at cost price. (=direct from the factory, not at the retail price)

The cost of living rises when prices (and such things as rents, fares) rise.

Cost is also used figuratively in such sentences as:

13. Careless driving costs lives.

14. Her son's behaviour cost her many sleepless nights.

15. The cost in human lives and suffering of the Second World War was enormous.

16. He saved the child's life at the cost of his own.

Value means "the amount of money for which something could be sold, although it is not for sale at the moment of speaking".

eg 17. The value of pictures by the Impressionists in-creased dramatically after the First World War.

18. I paid him ?5 for the book but its real value must be at least ?10.

19. The necklace turned out to be of very little value.

103 Good/poor value and value for money are used with reference to the worth of something compared with the amount paid.

eg 20. If your coat wore out in a year it certainly wasn't good value. 21. These excursions are very good value.

Value also has uses not connected with money. It means "the (degree of) usefulness of something", especially in comparison with other things.

eg 22. We all know the value of regular exercise.

23. His advice was of great value to me.

24. This treatment has no value in advanced cases.

As a verb, value has two quite separate meanings:

(1) "have a high opinion of, consider to be valuable"; eg 25. I value his friendship very much.

(2) "estimate in money";

eg 26. The house was valued at ?10,000. Worth is used mainly as a predicative adjective with the verb to be, meaning "to have a certain value". (See above.)

eg 27. We paid ?5,000 for our house in 1970 but now it's worth at least ?8,000.

28. He offered me the tape-recorder for ?25 but I don't think it's worth it.

Worth could also be used in sentences 17, 18 and 19 above, instead of value, with no change of meaning, as follows:

29. Pictures by the Impressionists became worth much more after the First World War.

30. The book must be worth at least ?10.

31. The necklace turned out to be worth very little.

The choice between worth and value in such situations depends on whether one needs a noun or an adjective.

To be worth often occurs with the gerund in such sentences as:

32. This book is (well) worth reading.

33. It's not worth worrying about.

Worth as a noun does not usually refer to money.

eg 34. During her illness she realized her friend's true worth.

104 Exercise 1. Fill in the blanks with price, cost, value or worth and reword the sentences using a verb where this is possible without changing the sense.

1. What is the ... of this suitcase? 2. He bought the table for ?2 but its real . . . is much higher. 3. What is the ... of running a car? 4. The . . . of coffee rose sharply on the world market. 5. I refuse to pay such a high .... 6. The . . . of living continues to rise. 7. These old books have considerable ... . 8. The . . . of taking electricity to the village was said to be too great. 9. Who will pay the ... of transport? 10. She did not know the ... of the ring, which had been left to her by her mother.

Exercise 2• A. Translate the following sentences into English.

1. Сколько стоят эти туфли? 2. Ему пришлось оплатить стоимость поврежденных (damaged) товаров. 3. Во многих западноевропейских странах цены на продукты питания постоянно растут. 4. Она заплатила за платье 50 рублей, но мне кажется, что оно того не стоит. 5. Ремонт этих часов будет стоить пять рублей. (Use to have ... repaired.) 6. Стоимость перевозки—100 рублей. 7. Это ему ничего не стоит. 8. В цену входит стоимость установки (Use installation.) 9. Этот фильм стоит посмотреть. 10. Мебель оценили в 500 рублей.
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