Свободный кислород, эволюция клетки - Гусев М.В.
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Заключение...........203
г
Сокращения, принятые в .книге .... 207
Литература...........208
Summary.........222
CONTENTS
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Preface by V. P. Skulachev, editor . . . 5 Prefacebyauthors . «, . • • . 8
Introduction
13
1
GENERAL OUTLINE OF BIOSPHERE EVOLUTION WITH RESPECT TO FORMATION OF FUNDAMENTAL TYPES OF ENERGY SUPPLY IN LIVING SYSTEMS ..............23
2
FERMENTATION, RESPIRATION, PHOTOSYNTHESIS. BASIC BIOENERGETIC CHARACTERISTICS. MEMBRANE-LINKED AND SUBSTRATE PHOSPHORYLATION ..............35
Primary carbohydrate fermentations. Fructose-1,6-diphosphate pathway, pentose-phosphate pathway, 2-keto-3-deoxy-6-phosphogIuconate pathway ... 36 Respiration. Structure and function of respiratory apparatus. Oxidative phosphorylation .... 41 Photosynthesis. Structure and function of photosynthetic apparatus. Characteristic of energy-yielding
processes of photosynthesis....... 55
Membrane-linked and substrate phosphorylation . 73
з
MONOPHYLETIC CONCEPTION OF THE ORIGIN OF ORGANISMS (AND ORGANELLES), USING MEMBRANE-LINKED MECHANISM OF ENERGY COUPLING. REQUISITE THEORETICAL ASSUMPTIONS AND SOME PRELIMINARY CONCLUSIONS ... 78
220
4
HYPOTHESIS OF SYMBIOGENESIS OF EUKARYOTIC CELL. BASIC POINTS AND SOME CRITICAL REMARKS..............98
5
HYPOTHESIS OF CONJUGATE EVOLUTION OF MULTICELLULARS, EUKARYOTICITY AND RESPI-
RATION .............Ю5
Anaerobic conditions of the origin of cellular life. Heterotrophic relicts of the anaerobic period . . 117 Anaerobic stage of photosynthesis evolution . . 124 Primitive prokaryotic ecosystems. Appearance of blue-green algae. Development of .mechanisms of
aero tolerance........143
Origin of multicellularity........152
Origin of respiration.........158
Pathways of evolution of aerobic and some secondary, anaerobic cells.........169
6
PHYLOGENY SYSTEM OF PROKARYOTIC ORGA-
NISMS .............. 192
Conclusion............ 203
Abbreviations.......... 207
4
References......,..... 208
Summary . . . ;..... 222
М. V. Gusev, G. В. Gochlerner
Free oxygen and evolution of the cell
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SUMMARY
This book is a theoretical study on the problems of the early Precambrian evolution of cellular organisms and the evolutionary taxonomy of prokaryotic forms. According to the Oparin—Haldane concepts, life on the Earth is assumed to have originated under anaerobic conditions and molecular oxygen of the present-day atmosphere and hydrosphere of the Earth is understood to be of predominantly biogenic (photo-synthetic) origin. At the basis of the monograph are the ideas about the central role of free oxygen in biochemical evolution, morphogenesis and diversity of cellular life.
The Introduction sets forth substantiations for the choice of the principal trait for drawing up a natural system of prokaryotic organisms. The choice has been made in favour of the method of their energy supply. Chapter One' presents a general outline of the problem of biotic cycle. It discusses fundamental laws of planetary life evolution. The formation and development of the various types of bioenergetics are considered' from the angle of the overall tendency of the biosphere evolution towards fluctuations in the balance between the processes of organic synthesis and destruction.
Chapter Two is primarily intended for evolutionary mor-phologists lacking possibly sufficient information on the problems of cellular bioenergetics. It gives a brief characteristic of the main energy-yielding processes in living nature, viz. fermentation, photosynthesis, respiration. Chapter Three discusses the possible candidates to the role of evolutionary precursors of aerobic organisms. Chapter Four deals specially with a critical analysis of the highly popular evolutionary conception put forward by L. Margulis.
222
Chapter Five, the largest in volume, presents the authors* original conception on the origin of cellular organisms differing both as to morphology (unicellular and multicellular, prokaryotes and eukaryotes) and the method of energy supply (anaerobes-fermenters, phototrophs, aerobes, anaerobes-«respi-rers»). The significant difference of the present conception from the other schemes of cellular evolution lies in the fact that it attributes great importance to the phenomena of biological integration, viz. the origin of multicellularity, symbioses of photo- and heterotrophic cells, fusion of two or more unrelated lines into one, etc. The principles of biological integration, i. e. the principle of complementation and the principle of energy gain> are formulated.
Chapter Six proposes a phylogeny system of the present-day prokaryotic organisms. The brief Conclusion contains the authors' appeal to the specialists working in different departments of biology in the hope that they will be able to find ways so that some.or other assumptions of the presented conception could be either proved or disproved.
The book is intended for biologists, primarily the specialists in evolution theory, microbiology, bioenergetics, syslcma-tics, for researchers, university teachers and undcrgrndiwiles.
