Говорите правильно по-английски - Поуви Дж.
Скачать (прямая ссылка):
House, Block (of Flats)
The meaning of house is much narrower than that of the Russian дом. It can be defined as follows: a building intended for one household (usually a family) to live in. The expression dwelling house exists but is confined to very formal style, for example, official regulations and announcements. In other contexts simply house is used.
English houses usually have two or three storeys and are built of brick or stone. They may be detached (standing alone, with some space on each side), semi-detached (joined in pairs) or terrace(d) (joined together in a row, which is called a terrace).
eg 1. They live in a detached/semi-detached/1 er race(d) house.
2. Detached houses are usually more expensive than semi-detached or terrace{d) houses.
In spite of the fact that semi-detached and terraced houses are joined together, each dwelling is considered to be a separate house, because it has its own entrance door opening onto the street and is quite separate from the neighbouring house(s) inside. A row of terrace houses (or a terrace) may look like "a block of horizontal flats" to some foreigners, but an English person would find such a description very strange, even illogical. To him it is obviously a row of separate houses.
Flats differ from houses in that they are built in blocks (a block of flats) with a common entrance and staircase. All the rooms in a flat are on one level (hence the name), in contrast to a house, which nearly always has at least two storeys.
Thus house and flat may be used in contrast to each other.
74 eg 3. Do they live in a house or a flat?
4. English people generally prefer houses to flats.
Local councils build houses (council houses) and flats (council flats).
There is one situation, however, in which house and flat are not mutually exclusive. If the owner of a house does not want, or cannot afford to occupy the whole house himself, he may convert it into flats. This may be done properly, that is, by making structural alterations inside, including separate entrance doors to each flat (in this case the flats are self-contained) or the structure may be left unchanged and each floor (2-3 rooms) simply let as a flat (not self-contained). Here we may still call the building a house, because it was intended for one family and keeps the same external structure. This can be illustrated by the following quotations from modern novels:
5. They were in sight of the dismal converted mid-Victorian house in which Lady Pirie had her flat. (Angus Wilson)
6. So for a couple of years she and her husband had lived in comparative poverty in a flat in a house belonging to his uncle, in Middle Road, behind the Alexandra Palace. (Margaret Drabble)
Except in the situation just described, the word house should not be used of a building consisting of flats. Here only block (of flats) is appropriate or, in some cases, flats, without block. Here are some sentences showing how these words can be used correctly with reference to Soviet cities:
n r ,. . , ч ( big!old!new/modern block of flats.
7. I live in a(n) I oU/new/modern flat.
8. They are building a lot of new flats on the outskirts of Leningrad.
9. All these modern blocks (of flats) look the same to me.
10. We live in the tall block on the corner.
.in , і I on the ground floor of our block.
11. There s a shop ( in ihe &next b[0'cL
12. There's a cinema near my flat.
13. I usually leave | m^ome 0^ ^atf Past eight.
In England blocks of flats usually have names, but the expression block 1/2/3, etc. can be used as a translation of корпус 1/2/3 и т.д.
75 Each flat has a number (the flat number): flat 1, flat 2, and so on.
The expression house number cannot be used with reference to a block of flats, because a block of flats is not a house. We say, for example:
14. I live at no. 10 (Market Street).
15. What number do you live at?
Even in the case of houses the expression house number is not common. Simply number is used, as illustrated above.
The word house and the expression house number are to be avoided not only with reference to blocks of flats but also to denote other buildings not intended for living in. If the function of the building is known, the appropriate specific word or phrase should be used, for example, shop, office, office block, hotel.
eg 16. The shop is at no. 28 (.Nevsky Prospect).
If it is not clear what sort of building it is, or this important, building should be used.
eg 17. When the fire started, everyone rushed out building.
18. What are those new buildings over there?
Finally some special uses of house in proper names should be mentioned, since they do not follow the pattern described above.
(1) names of certain shops, restaurants, etc.;
eg The Scotch House — sells Scottish clothes and other goods
The House of Bewlay — a chain of tobacconists Lyons Corner House — one of several large restaurants in central London, situated on corners of main streets
