Научная литература
booksshare.net -> Добавить материал -> Лингвистика -> Поуви Дж. -> "Говорите правильно по-английски " -> 25

Говорите правильно по-английски - Поуви Дж.

Поуви Дж. Говорите правильно по-английски — М.: Высшая школа, 1984. — 152 c.
Скачать (прямая ссылка): govoritepoenglishtru1984.djvu
Предыдущая << 1 .. 19 20 21 22 23 24 < 25 > 26 27 28 29 30 31 .. 59 >> Следующая


62 be guided by examples, such as those given above and those they meet in modern English prose.

(2) Get in is widely used in colloquial English to mean "arrive" in such sentences as:

23. What time do you usually get in (from work/school/ college/the university)?

24. John never gets in (much) before six.

(This usually means "gets home" but may mean any place implied by the context.)

25. —Did Mary ring?

— I don't know. I've only just got in. (meaning of got in as in no. 24)

Come in/home is possible in such cases, although less common, for reasons given in section (1). In formal style arrive (home) can be used instead.

eg 26. He arrived home (from work) later than usual that evening.

Get in is also very common when speaking of trains, planes and other forms of public transport.

eg 27. What time does the train get in (to London)? 28. I hope their plane gets in on time.

In formal style, for example, on the time-table, arrive is used instead.

(3) Get in(to)/out (of) means "enter/leave". In the case of buildings, rooms, etc., get usually implies some difficulty, for example, a locked door or some obstacle. If there is no difficulty we use come/go (depending on the direction in relation to the speaker or centre of attention) or, in formal style only, enter/leave.

eg 29. The burglar got in (to the house) through a first-floor window.

30. I left my keys at work so I couldn't get into the flat until my mother came.

31. How did you get in (here)?

32. The dog got out through a gap in the fence.

Get out is sometimes used in highly colloquial style to imply not so much difficulty as great haste (meaning "by any possible means").

eg 33. Let's get out of here. Somebody might see us. 34. Get out before I throw you out. (very rude)

63 In the case of cars, buses and other forms of transport, get does not generally imply difficulty or undue haste. Here it is the usual verb in all styles except very formal. (Formal equivalents are given below.)

eg 35. He got into the car and drove off.

36. The train stopped at a small station and they all got out.

Although in and out can be used with reference to all forms of transport, on and off are generally preferred in the case of trains, buses and other types of public transport.

eg 37. They got on(to) the bus.

38. The plane landed but the passengers were not allowed to get off.

Get, being characteristic of informal (or semi-formal) style, is replaced in formal style by such verbs as board (a bus, train, plane, etc.), opposite alight (from); mount (a horse, bicycle, etc.), opposite dismount (from); embark (intrans. = go on board a ship), opposite disembark.

With reference to cars, however, no formal equivalent to get in/out exists. The only way in which a writer can avoid using get is to use some more specific verb, such as jump or slide, depending on the situation, or, if the action of getting into the car is not important in itself, tell the story without mentioning it.

It is worth drawing attention here to the distinction between go to bed, get to bed, and get into bed. Go to bed is the most general expression, in which is included the more specific idea of getting into bed. This can be shown most clearly by examples:

39. (In the living room) — You look tired. Go to bed.

40. (Mother to child, in the bedroom) — Get into bed at once!

Get to bed means "manage to go to bed", implying that one was too busy to go earlier.

eg 41. We didn't get to bed till nearly two o'clock.

There are no formal equivalents to these expressions, except for the verb retire (to bed), which is sometimes used in very formal style in the sense of "go to bed".

eg 42. He usually retired early.

64 IV. Some idiomatic uses of get

It is interesting to compare the literal uses of get in/out discussed above with some of their figurative, idiomatic uses. Here are a few useful ones.

Get in(to) is widely used to mean "be admitted (to an educational institution, performance, etc.)". As with get into a building, some difficulty is usually implied.

eg 43. —Mary has applied to Oxford.

— Oh yes? Do you think she'll get in?

44. —John didn't get into drama school.

45. —I went to a concert by Richter yesterday.

— How did you get in?

In the context of elections, get in means "be elected".

eg 46. The Labour candidate got in (by a large majority).

47. If the Labour Party gets in (at the next election) they will try to reduce unemployment.

Get out of (doing) something means "avoid (doing) smth."

eg 48. She tried to get out of doing the washing up by pretending to be in a great hurry. 49. —I've got to go to a meeting now.

— Can't you get out of it? I need your help here.

Get on is used in a wide variety of situations to imply progress, advancement or achievement.

eg 50. —How are you getting on?

(meaning in general or in some particular activity in which the person addressed is engaged) 51. — How are you getting on with your book/article/ thesis/translation?
Предыдущая << 1 .. 19 20 21 22 23 24 < 25 > 26 27 28 29 30 31 .. 59 >> Следующая

Реклама

c1c0fc952cf0704ad12d6af2ad3bf47e03017fed

Есть, чем поделиться? Отправьте
материал
нам
Авторские права © 2009 BooksShare.
Все права защищены.
Rambler's Top100

c1c0fc952cf0704ad12d6af2ad3bf47e03017fed