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Говорите правильно по-английски - Поуви Дж.

Поуви Дж. Говорите правильно по-английски — М.: Высшая школа, 1984. — 152 c.
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In some cases visit is required by the context:

eg come!go to a museum!exhibition — visit a museum, etc. a palace !cathedral/castle, etc.

Verbs such as approach, enter, attend and visit are to be preferred in very formal style, especially in writing, but should be avoided in non-formal style, particularly in conversation. Here come and go are the norm.

Now here are some pairs of sentences to illustrate the basic distinction between come and go. In all these examples there is a speaker:

Come Go

9a. Come (out) to the front. b. Go back to your place! (A teacher standing at seat, or: Go and sit down.

the front of the class)

32 10a. Come away from the water. (=Move towards me away from the water) 11a. You are to come and

see me at break. 12a. I come to the university six days a week. (A student speaking at the university) 13a. When did you come in?

(One patient in a hospital to another) 14a. Here comes our bus. (=The bus is approaching. We can get on it.)

15a. How did you get here? I came on the bus.

b. Go away! I don't want you standing by me.

b. You are to go and see the headmistress at break, b. I go to the university six days a week. (A student speaking, for example, at home) b. My mother went into hospital yesterday.

b. There goes our bus. (It is moving away. We have missed it.)

b. How did you get there? I went on the bus.

It is now necessary to modify slightly the statement made above, namely that come denotes movement towards the place where the speaker is. For it may also denote movement towards the place where the speaker was or will be. This is easily explained by the fact that the speaker imagines himself in the place where the situation occurred or will occur.

eg 16. — Vera came to see me yesterday.

Cf. — I went to see Vera yesterday.

17. — While I was waiting for the bus John came

up to me.

Cf. — When I saw John at the bus stop I

went up to him.

18. — Come to my room tomorrow and we'll talk

about it.

19. — We're having a party on Saturday. Would

you like to come?

In all the above examples (9-19) there is a speaker in relation to whom we regard the given movement. In the case of stories told in the third person, however, there is no such "speaker". Consider, for example, this passage from "The Case for the Defence", a story by Graham Greene:

"Mrs Salmon in 15 Northwood Street had been unable

to sleep; she heard a door click shut and thought it

33 was her own gate. So she went to the window and saw Adams on the steps of Mrs Parker's house (opposite. — JP). He had just come out and was wearing gloves."

In such cases we need to feel where the attention is fo-cussed or concentrated at the given moment. Here it is fo-cussed on Mrs Salmon, who was lying in bed unable to sleep. Therefore when she gets up and moves towards the window go is used. (Come could be used in this sentence only if the previous sentence had focussed attention on the window.) The man who has just left the house opposite has moved nearer to Mrs Salmon than he was when he was inside the house, and so come is the only possibility.

Since the distinction between come and go is not so easy to grasp in such cases, let us now take another situation. Imagine that a story opens with a description of a girl waiting at home for a friend to visit her. In this case the waiting girl in a certain place is clearly the centre of attention, and movement towards her will be expressed by come.

eg 20. Susan was waiting for her friend to come.

21. She saw her friend coming along the street.

22. Her friend came into the room.

On the other hand, if Susan moves anywhere, go is used.

eg 23. Susan heard a car stop outside and went over to the window to look out.

24. When she heard the doorbell ring she jumped up and went to answer it.

25. Susan went up to her friend.

Note particularly the use of went with up to in this type of sentence, when the person who is the centre of attention moves towards someone else (or some object, for example, a building, a door).

Needless to say, the centre of attention may move away from the main character at some points in the story, and in such cases the use of come and go relates to the new centre of attention.

When we describe any series of events which includes movement, our attention is focussed on one place after another. We are, as it were, mentally present at every place in turn, so that we perceive movement towards the given place as movement towards ourselves, and movement away from it as movement away from ourselves. Native speakers

34 of English perceive movement in this way unconsciously, and use the appropriate verbs automatically, whereas foreign speakers whose native language does not make this type of distinction have to do these things consciously, at least to begin with. If they use come instead of go, or vice versa when speaking to an English person, the latter will become confused and may even be unable to form a correct impression of the situation. The spatial relationships between the people and things described are confused or distorted.
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