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Говорите правильно по-английски - Поуви Дж.

Поуви Дж. Говорите правильно по-английски — М.: Высшая школа, 1984. — 152 c.
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25. — Surely this wet weather won't last much longer.

Surely in an affirmative sentence is generally translated into Russian by неужели with не:

26. Surely you've heard of him. — Неужели ты не слышал о нём?

and vice versa:

27. Surely you haven't forgotten. — Неужели ты забыл?

Exercise 1. Give appropriate responses to the following questions, requests and statements, taking the situation (formal or informal) into consideration and choosing the appropriate style. (Note that would is more formal than will and may more formal than can.)

1. (To a fellow student) — Are you going to the concert tonight?

2. (A student to a teacher) — May I keep this book for another week?

3. (A student to the sub-dean) — Would you sign this form, please.

4. (To one's brother)—Did you turn the light off before you went out? 5. (To a neighbour) — It's very cold today. 6. (To a friend) — Will you help me get the tea ready? 7. (To a fellow student)—Will John be at the party? 8. (To one's sister) — Can I take one of these envelopes? 9. (To a fellow passenger in the train) — Would you be kind enough to help me with my suitcase? 10. (To a friend) — Will you be in tomorrow night? 11. (In an office, to a secretary) — May I use your telephone? 12. (To one's brother) — Post this letter for me when you go out, will you? 13. (To a stranger who asks the way) — These modern blocks of flats all look the same. 14. (A visitor from England to a Soviet student) — Is Dickens still popular in this country? 15. (To a fellow student) — You will remember to bring your tape-recorder, won't you?

Exercise 2. Translate the following sentences into English, using surely.

1. — Неужели ты забыл, что у Наташи сегодня день рождения? 2. —Неужели ты о нем не слышал? 3. —Неужели вы не видите, что я занят? 4. —Неужели он опоздал на заседание? 5. —Неужели ты этого не понимаешь? 6. —Неужели он ушел, не заплатив? 7. —Неужели вы не смотрели этот фильм? 8. Неужели он не извинился перед вами?

30 Come, Go

It is an oversimplification to say that come denotes movement towards somebody or something whereas go denotes movement away. This idea is based on such sentences as: la. — Come here. b. — Go away.

2a. — Come in. b. — Go and fetch some

chalk.

3a. — He came into the room. b. — He went out of the

room.

However, these are not the only types of sentence using come and go. We also find such sentences as:

4. — Come away from that dirty water.

5. She went into the headmistress's room and came out a few minutes later looking rather worried.

6. After classes the students go to the refectory.

7. — Don't go to him now. He's busy.

8. Richard went up to the doctor and asked her how his wife was.

In these sentences come is used with away and out to denote movement away from or out of somewhere; go is used with into, to, up to to denote movement into or towards someone or something. Such examples are not isolated cases, but occur frequently.

It is therefore clear that the idea mentioned at the beginning (that come denotes movement towards, go movement away) is only part of the explanation. The full distinction between the two verbs can be formulated as follows: come denotes movement towards the place where the speaker is, or, if there is no speaker, towards the centre of attention, that is, the person, thing or place on which the attention is focussed at the given moment. (See below.) Go denotes all other movement, including movement away from the place where the speaker is or from the centre of attention. Come can be considered as the marked member of the pair, go as the unmarked one.

To this basic distinction, expressed by the choice of come or go, may be added various other distinctions expressed by prepositions and adverbs.

eg to come I go to(wards) — away (from) up to over to

in(to) — out (of)

31 In most cases these prepositions and adverbs fulfil a similar function to that of the Russian prefixes to the basic verbs of motion идти — ходить; ехать — ездить; for example, подходить— подойти; отходить — отойти; уезжать — уехать. It is not correct that certain prepositions or adverbs, for example, up to may be used only with come or only with go. All combinations are possible, as required by the situation.

The word combinations with come and go listed above are stylistically neutral, that is, they are neither especially formal nor especially informal, but occur in a wide range of situations. In formal style many of them may be replaced by other verbs which take a direct object and denote movement in a certain direction without reference to the position of the speaker or to the centre of attention.

eg comejgo towards — approach

in(to) —enter out (of)—leave up — mount down — descend back — return

Comelgo to is replaced in formal style by different verbs, depending on the context. However, attend is often appropriate:

I,school!university/college — attend school, etc. a lesson!class/lecture, etc. a meeting/conference, etc. a concert!performance, etc.
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