Английский язык для экономистов - Малюга Е.Н.
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designated (adj) — chosen or named for a particular job or purpose D.2. Give English equivalents to the following words and expressions:
¦ отказываться;
¦ добросовестно;
¦ поправка на рост прожиточного минимума;
¦ назначенный; Unit 1. Labour Relations
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¦ увольнение из-за отсутствия работы;
¦ обязательный, принудительный;
¦ разъяснять, растолковывать;
¦ предприятие, принимающее на работу только членов профсоюза;
¦ процедура разрешения трудовых споров;
¦ положение, условие (закона, договора, соглашения).
D.3. Choose an appropriate word or expression from the box to complete the following sentences.
fringe benefits in earnest prerogative
countered voluntary strike-breakers stem
1. It is the ... of management to decide what products should be manufactured.
2. If strikes and lockouts occur labor and management usually try to reach a compromise solution to ... their losses.
3. Such contract issue as ... overtime must be addressed in the bargaining process.
4. A competitive salary with ... will be offered to all workers.
5. During the strike, the management successfully employed ....
6. The unions were accused of illegal actions, but they ... with the claim that the situation was disastrous.
7. The two parties can finally start negotiating... about issues of mutual concern.
D.4. Give synonyms for the italicized words in each sentence below, or briefly explain their meaning.
1. The wage, hours, and working conditions set forth in the work agreement apply to the nonunion workers as well as the union workers.
2. Unions stress seniority (length of service) as the basis for worker promotion and for layoff and recall.
3. The date for the beginning of collective bargaining on a new contract is usually set in the existing contract and is usually 60 days before the current one expires.
4. There is also the possibility that at that time the firm may engage in a lockout.
5. Although bluster and bickering often occur in collective bargaining, labor and management display a remarkable capacity for compromise and agreement. 18
Английский язык для экономистов
Е, Make a summary of the text
Use the active vocabulary.
^ R Grammar notes
The Infinitive
§ 1. The bare infinitive. The base form of a verb (go) often functions as an infinitive. It is called the bare infinitive because it is used without to. We must distinguish it from the to-infinitive, where to is always used in front of the base form of the verb. § 2. Forms of the infinitive.
Tense Voice
active passive
present infinitive (to) ask (to) be asked
present progressive infinitive (to) be asking —
perfect or past infinitive (to) have asked (to) have been asked
perfect/past progressive infinitive (to) have been asking —
Passive Present Progressive and Perfect Progressive infinitives are rarely used.
The Present Infinitive refers to the present or future. We plan to reduce our energy consumption in the New Year. The present Progressive Infinitive expresses an action happening now. We appear to be making very good progress. The Perfect Infinitive is used to showr that the action of the infinitive happened before the action of the verb. The problem seems to have occurred during the night. The Perfect Progressive Infinitive is used to emphasize the duration of the action of the infinitive, which happened before the action of the main verb. He looks tired. He seems to have been working all night.
§ 3. The 'to-infinitive' is used:
¦ to express purpose. He went to university to become a manager,
¦ after certain verbs (agree, appear, decide, expect, hope, plan, promise, refuse, etc.). She refused to pay the bill; Unit 1. Labour Relations
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¦ after certain adjectives (happy, glad, sorry, etc.). We were happy to open a new store;
¦ after 'I would like/would love/would prefer' to express specific preference. I'd like to see the manager,
¦ after certain nouns. What a surprise to see you here! Our decision to wait was wise. It was her wish to help us\
¦ after 'too/enough' constructions. We've got enough money to pay the;
¦ with: 'it' + 'be' + adjective (+ of + noun/pronoun). It was generous of him to offer $ 1000;
¦ with: 'so' + adjective + 'as'. Would you be so kind as to help me?
¦ with 'only' to express an unsatisfactory result. She came in only to find the manager had left;
¦ after: 'be + the Firstzsecondzetcznextziastzbest', etc. He is alzvays the last to come to work,
¦ in the expression: 'for' + nounZpronoun + to-infinitive. For him to be so rude was unforgivable;
¦ in expressions such as: to tell you the truth, to begin with, to be honest, etc. To tell you the truth, this company has a very stable position in the market;
¦ after: verb + 'howZwhatZwhenZwhereZwhichZwhy'. I didn't know how to explain my absence.
§ 4. The bare infinitive is used:
¦ after: most modal verbs (can, must, will, etc.). The meeting will be held at 2;
