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Английский язык для экономистов - Малюга Е.Н.

Малюга Е.Н., Ваванова Н.В. Английский язык для экономистов: Учебник для вузов — СПб.: Питер, 2005. — 304 c.
ISBN 5-469-00341-8
Скачать (прямая ссылка): angliyskiydlyaeconomistov2005.pdf
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The Bargaining Process

The date for the beginning of collective bargaining on a new contract is usually set in the existing contract and is usually 60 days before the current one expires. The union normally takes the initiative, presenting its demands in the form of specific wage, fringe-benefit, and other adjustments to the present union-management contract. The firm counters with an offer relating to these and other contract provisions. It is not unusual for the original union demand and the first offer by the firm to be far apart, not only because of the parties' conflicting interests but also because the parties know they are obligated by law to bargain in good faith. The initial "large demand-low offer Situation" leaves plenty of room for compromise during the negotiations.

The negotiating then begins in earnest on items in dispute. Hanging over the negotiations is the deadline, which occurs the moment the present contract expires. At that time there is a possibility of a strike — a "work Unit 1. Labour Relations

15

stoppage" by the union — if it thinks its demands are not satisfactorily met. But there is also the possibility that at that time the firm may engage in a lockout, in which it forbids the workers to return to work until a new contract is signed. In this setting of uncertainty prior to the deadline, both parties feel pressure to find mutually acceptable terms.

Although bluster and bickering often occur in collective bargaining, labor and management display a remarkable capacity for compromise and agreement. Typically they reach a compromise solution which is written into a new contract. Nevertheless, strikes and lockouts occasionally do occur. When they happen, workers lose income and firms lose profit. To stem their losses, both parties look for and usually eventually find ways to settle the labor dispute and get the workers back to work.

Bargaining, strikes, and lockouts occur within a framework of Federal labor law, specifically the National Labor Relations Act (NLRA). This act was first passed as the Wagner Act of 1935 and later amended by the Taft-Hartley Act of 1947 and the Landrum-Griffin Act of 1959. The act sets forth the dos and don'ts of union and management labor practices. For example, wrhile union members can picket in front of a firm's business, they cannot block access to the business by customers, co-workers, or strikebreakers hired by the firm. As a second example, firms cannot refuse to meet and talk with the union's designated representatives.

C.2. Decide whether these statements are True (T) or False (F).

1. A union shop affords the union the greatest security.

2. Union and agency shops are illegal in 20 states.

3. Nonunion workers cannot exercise their rights set forth in the work agreement.

4. The bargaining process usually begins within two months before the expiration of the current contract.

5. Both parties are pressed to find mutually acceptable terms prior to the deadline.

D* Vocabulary

D.I. Learn the vocabulary and make up your own sentences, collective bargaining — the discussion held between an employer

and trade unions in order to reach an agreement on wages and working conditions

prerogative (n) — a special right belonging to a particular person, especially because of the official position they hold 16

Английский язык для экономистов

closed shop — a place of work where only members of a particular trade union are employed relinquish (v) — to give up

dues (n, plural) — regular payments made to an organization such as professional association or trade union by its members

set forth (phrv) — to formulate one's demands, to settle one's requirements in definite terms

cost-of-living adjustment — in the U.S., an increase in someone's pay or pension, made to cover increases in the cost of living voluntary (adj) — acting or done willingly, without being forced mandatory (adj) — which must be done

fringe benefits — advantage or service given with a job besides wages (company cars, loans at low rates of interest, etc.) explicit (adj) — clear and fully expressed

provision (n) — a part of a law, contract, agreement, etc. that relates to a particular subject

layoff (n) — the act of stopping a worker's employment recall (n) — the act of officially telling someone to come back grievance procedure — the system that a company has to discuss workers' complaints

spell out (phr v) — to explain in the clearest or most detailed way expire (v) — to come to an end; run out

counter (v) — to move or act in order to oppose or defend yourself against something

in earnest — seriously; in a determined way Iockoutfnj -- a situation in which people are prevented from entering their place of work until they have agreed to accept conditions set down by their employers

bluster (n) — noisy or boastful talk

bickering (n) — quarrelling, especially about important matters stem (v) — to stop

strike-breaker — a person who takes the job of someone else who is on strike
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