Практический курс английского языка - Камянова Т.
ISBN 5-85550-177-9
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12. 38 Основываясь на тексте выразите свое согласие или несогласие с приведенными ниже положениями и поясните их:
1. It wasn't difficult for the author to recognize the lady whose eye he caught at the play.
2. When the author was living in Paris twenty years ago, he had a big house and a lot of money.
3. Foyot's is a comfortable restaurant in Paris in which French senators and famous artists ate at that time.
4. The author could easily say no to any woman, but he loved the lady who had written letters to him, and he couldn't say no to her.
5. The prices at Foyot's were far lower than the author had thought.
6. The author ordered mutton chops and vegetables for his guest.
7. The lady ate really very little.
8. The lady was travelling and she was sorry to leave Paris if she didn't try asparagus.
9. After the author had ordered asparagus for his guest, he wasn't sure that-he could pay the bill at Foyot's.
10. The lady believed that one should always get up from a meal feeling one could eat a little more.
11. After the author had paid the bill, he found that he had a lot of money in his pocket.
12. The author has had his revenge at last.
12. 39 Переведите и прокомментируйте следующие пословицы:-
1. Better late than never.
2. Two heads are better than one.
3. Oid friends and old wines are best.
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UNIT 13
a) Согласование времен (Sequence of Tenses) - это правило, отражающее зависимость грамматического "времени глагола-сказуемого в придаточном предпожении от времени гпагола-сказуемОГб I ГЛаЙНОм предложении. Так, если глагол-сказуемое в главном предложени относится к настоящему или будущему времени, изменений в придаточном предложений не происходит:
e.g. My sister says that she is happy. I'll explain it to you later why she is so happy.
Однако если глагол-сказуемое главного предложения употреблен в одном из прошедших времен, глагол-сказуемое придаточного предложения претерпевает следующие изменения: Present: am, is /are -* was/were do, does -» did
Pasf: was, were -» was, were did -» did (при одновременном действии)
was, were -» had been did -* had done (при предшествующем действии)
Perfect: have, has -* had Future: shall, will —¦ should, would (см. U.13c) Modal Verbs: can -» could may -» might must -» must (had to) e.g. My sister said that she was happy. I thought that you had never been to London.
Если придаточное предложение является сложным, то правило согласования времен распространяется на все его части:
e.g. My sister said that she was happy when her friend presented flowers to her.
Правило согласования времен всегда учитывается при перенесении прямой речи в косвенную.
b) Косвенная речь (Indirect Speech) употребляется, чтобы избежать прямого пересказа высказывания.
1. Повествовательные предложения в косвенной речи занимают место придаточного предложения, присоединяемого к главному предложению посредством союза that или без него.
e.g. My sister said, «I am upset today.» My sister said that she was upset that day.
My sister said, «I know this song.» My sister said that she knew that song.
My sister said, «I ordered fish for you.» My sister said that she ordered (had ordered) fish for me.
My sister said, «I will catch the train» My sister said that she would catch the train.
My sister said, «I can't afford this dress.» My sister said that she couldn't afford that dress. Обратите внимание, что помимо изменения глагола-сказуемого в придаточном предложении, изменение претерпевают указательные местоимения и некоторые наречия места и времени:
this /these -* that /those here -» there now -» then
today — that day yesterday -» the day before tomorrow — (the) next day
last week -» the week before a week ago -» the week before
Все личные и притяжательные местоимения также изменяются в зависимости от изменения лица, от которого ведется речь.
2. Специальные вопросы в косвенной речи изменяются также в соответствии с правилами согласования времен и присоединяются к главному предложению с помощью вопросительных слов, приобретающих функцию союза. Порядок слов вопросительного предложения заменяется на прямой порядок слов повествоватепь-ного предложения:
e.g. My sister asked те, «Why are you upset?» My sister asked me why I was upset.
My sister asked, «Where does your new friend work?» My sister asked where my friend worked. My sister asked me, «\r\ben did you come home?» My sister asked me when I came home.
3. Общие вопросы в косвенной речи изменяются по тем же правилам и присоединяются к главному предложению с помощью союзов if или whether в значении ли.
e.g. My sister asked те, «Are you tired?» My sister asked me IfI was tired. (1)
My sister asked me, «Do you like this song?» My sister asked me whether I liked that song. (2)
My sister asked me, «Have you caught my idea?» My sister asked me If I had caught her idea.
Ответы yes или no в косвенной речи передаются следующими образом:
(1)/ answered her Unit I was (I wasn't). (2) I answered her that I did (I didn't).
