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Практический курс английского языка - Камянова Т.

Камянова Т. Практический курс английского языка — М.: Дом Славянской Книги, 2005. — 384 c.
ISBN 5-85550-177-9
Скачать (прямая ссылка): praktichkurseng2005.djvu
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Viewers of any of the channels can watch «live» transmissions of important events, news, interviews, talk shows, musical performances, sports and many other items. Films are often televised, and many of them are made specially for television.
National radio is controlled by the BBC, and listeners can choose any of four radio stations. Radio I is a pop-music station with news and magazine-style programs. Radio 2 is for light music and reports on sport. Radio 3 plays classical music, Radio 4 has news programs and general interest programs. There are a lot of local stations, some private and some run by the BBC. Their programs consist mainly of music and local news.
Notes
1. mass media (of communication) - средства массовой информации
2. a censorship - цензура
3. a sourse of information - источник информации
4. a public opinion - общественное мнение
5. a daily newspaper - ежедневная газета
6. a weekly newspaper - еженедельная газета
7. to broadcast - передавать по радио телевидению, вещать
8. ВВС - Би-би-си, Британская радиовещательная корпорация
9. IBA - Ай-би-эй, Коммерческая радио- и телевизионная компания
10. a channel - канал (радио- или телевизионная программа)
11. an advertising - реклама
346
TEXT
THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (THE USA)
L. EDUCATION. MASS MEDIA
The entry age to compulsory education in the USA varies, according to the state, between 5 and 7 years of age, 6 being the most common. The age of exit varies between 16 and 18 years of age, the most common being 16. The length of primary education varies from four to seven years. According to its length, it is followed by a number of years of middle school education (generally three years). Secondary education occurs in grades 7-12, depending upon the laws and policies of states and local school districts. There is no national structure or governing educational law; all laws and policies are set by the 50 state governments and over 14,000 local school districts. All states and school districts have set the secondary school graduation level as the completion of the 12th grade, and the common name for the secondary graduation qualification is the High School Diploma. Those who wish to enter any university or one of other institutions of higher education have to take a Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT) which helps university officials to determine the applicant's capacity.
Higher education in the USA is also called postsecondary education. Many colleges are independent, and award Bachelor's Degrees to those completing a program of education that typically takes four years. But colleges can also be components of universities. A large university typically comprises several colleges, for example, a law school or a medical school, and one or more research facilities. The advanced degrees (the Master's Degree and the Doctor's Degree ( PhD)) can be obtained in Graduate Schools which is the next level of the higher education. Usually it takes from six to seven years or even more to get a PhD Degree.
The level of education influences choices at the tremendous mass media market of the United States The average American citizen, according to statistics, devotes about 9 hours a day to the media: 4 hours for television, 3 hours listening to the radio, mainly in a car. Recorded music accounts for 36 minutes, and reading of a daily newspaper consumes an average of 28 minutes. The press, or« Fourth Estate,» plays a vital role as guardian Of the USA democracy. The freedom of the press is guaranteed'by the First Amendment to the USA Constitution adopted in 1789.
More than two-thirds of American adults read a daily newspaper on an average weekday. The top five daily newspapers by circulation in 2000 are: The Wall Street Journal (1,8 million), The USA Today (1,6 million), The New York Times (1,2 million), The Los Angeles Times (1,0 million), and The Washington Post (840 thousand). In all, there are 41 newspapers with more than 250 thousand daily circulation. Sunday papers are even more popular, they rose to 900 in 2000 all over the country. It means that in the USA there is the highest number of newspapers in the world - with the highest total circulation of 135 million.
The advent of commercial radio at the beginning of the XX century ended print's monopoly of the media in America. An even more powerful medium, television, entered the scene shortly after World War II, quickly conquering the American public. During the Great Depression and World War Il radio became the primary entertainment and information source for Americans. President Franklin Roosevelt recognized the potential of radio to reach the American public, and during his four terms (1933-1945), his radio informed the nation of progress in economy and politics in the state. After World War II, television's visual images replaced radio programs. But soon automobile manufacturers began offering car radios as standard accessories, and most Americans tuned in their car radios as they drove to and from work. The largest broadcasting industry's trade association, representing the majority of America's radio and television stations is the National Association of Broadcasters with its headquarters in Washington. Each of the more than 335 USA public TV stations is independent.
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