Практический курс английского языка - Камянова Т.
ISBN 5-85550-177-9
Скачать (прямая ссылка):
b) Объектный инфинитивный оборот (Complex Object - сложное дополнение) имеет следующие случаи употребления:
1. После глаголов восприятия to see, to hear, to watch, to notice, to feel: e.g. I saw him enter the room. Я видел, как он входит в комнату.
We've heard her play the piano. Мы слышали, как она играет на пианино.
Will you watch us dance? Вы будете смотреть, как мы танцуем?
Частица to перед инфинитивом в этих случаях не употребляется; местоимение употребляется в объектном падеже. На русский язык Complex Object переводится придаточным предложением с союзами как, что, чтобы. Иногда инфинитив в таких конструкциях может заменяться причастием I (Participle I) (см.и.4Ь; U.17a.5). Перевод на русский язык при этом не изменяется:
e.g. / saw him entering the room. We've heard them playing the piano.
2. После глаголов to make в значении заставлять и to let в значении разрешать, позволять инфинитив употребляется без частицы to:
e.g. My colleague made im do this work. Мой коллега заставил меня делать эту работу. Who let you open the window? Кто разрешил тебе открыть окно?
3. После глаголов, выражающих волеизъявление to want, to wish желать, to expect ожидать, и выражения would (should) like, инфинитив употребляется с частицей to:
e.g. Our'parents wanted us to learn English. Наши родители хотели, чтобы мы учили английский. I would like him to help me. Я бы хотел, чтобы он помог мне.
c) Субъектный инфинитивный оборот (Complex Subject - сложное подлежащее) образуется с глаголами, выражающими суждение, сообщение, высказывание - to know, to say, to think, to believe, to consider считать, to report сообщать, to suppose полагать, и т.д. в форме страдательного залога. Инфинитив в таких оборотах употребляется о частицей to и может стоять в любой из вышеприведенных грамматических форм. На русский язык такие конструкции переводятся неопределенно-личным оборотом (известно..., говорят..., думают..., верят..., счищают,.*, сообщают..., полагают...)
e.g. Our lawyer is saidjo have a house in Spain, Говорят, у нашего юриста есть дом е Испании
My friend is known to have written a lot of poems. Известно, что мой друг написал много стихов. Thia detective Is reported to be Investigating the crime. Сообщают, что этот детектив расследует
преступление.
д) Инфинитив в функции обстоятельства цели отвечает на вопросы what for? зачем? для чего? for what purpose? с какой целью и переводится союзами чтобы и для того чтобы. Часто перед инфинитивом в этой функции употребляется союз In order to для того чтобы:
e.g. I phoned you to discuss an important matter. Я позвонил еам, чтобы обсудить важный вопрос.
We came to the party in order to enjoy ourselves. Мы пришли на вечеринку, чтобы развлечься.
158
TEXT
HOW WE KEPT MOTHER'S BIRTHDAY
(after Stephen Leacock)
Of all the different ideas that have been started lately I think that the very best is the idea to celebrate once a year «Mother's day.» And I don't wonder that May the eleventh is becoming such a popular date all over America, and I am sure the idea will come to England too.
It is especially in a big family like ours that such an idea comes true. So we decided to have a special celebration of «Mother's day». We thought it to be a nice idea. It made us all realize how much Mother had done for us for years, and how much love she had given to us.
So we decided that we would make it a great day, a holiday for all the members of the family, and do everything we could to make Mother happy. Father decided to take a holiday from his office to help in celebrating the day, and my sister Anne and I stayed home from college classes, and Mary and my brother Will stayed home from high school.
It was our plan to make it a day just like Christmas or any big holiday, and so we decided to decorate the house with fiowers and all that kind of thing. We wanted everything to look perfect, and of course, we asked Mother to make decorations, because she always does it at Christmas.
The two girls thought that it would be a very nice thing to dress in our very best on such a big day, and so they both got new hats, and all the time were looking at themselves in the mirror. Father had bought expensive ties for himself and us boys as a souvenir to remember this day. We were going to get Mother a new hat too, but it turned out that she really liked her old grey hat better than a new one, and both girls said that the old one looked very attractive, and suited her perfectly.
Well, after breakfast we had arranged it as a surprise for Mother that we would rent a motor car and take her for a beautiful drive away into the country. Mother has never had a dream like that because we can only afford to keep one maid, and so Mother is busy in the house nearly all the time. And of course, the country is so lovely that it would be just a present for her to have a lovely morning, driving for miles and miles.
But on the very morning of the day we changed the plan a little, because Father thought that it would be better for Mother to go fishing. Father said that as the car was rented and paid for, we might use it for a drive up into hills where there is a river. As Father said, if you just drive without any purpose, you are finally tired, but if you are going to fish, there is quite a great purpose in front of you which makes you happy.
