Базовый курс английского языка - Эккерсли К.Э.
ISBN 5-7871-0174-X
Скачать (прямая ссылка):
A burglar (Subject) is (Verb) in the house; и: There is (Verb) a burglar (Subject) in the house.
А также:
There was a good play on television last night.
There are fifteen students in the class.
Are there any cakes on the plate?
There were ten cakes when Hob came in, now there is only one. There is (was) is used with a singular subject; there are (were) with a plural one.
2. Когда предложение начинается:
(а) со слов или фраз, предполагающих отрицание. Например: Never have I heard such a silly story.
At no time did he ever say that he, was not satisfied with my work.
often
He has
in his office, seen people in the evening.
before lunch.
621 ¦
Nowhere in the world will you find a higher standard of living.
Seldom has such a thing been done before.
(б) со слов no sooner, hardly, rarely. Например:
No sooner had they been given one increase in pay than1 they asked for another.
Hardly (Scarcely) had we begun the climb when the snow began to come down.
(в) со слова only в сочетании с наречием времени или места. Например:
Only now are we beginning to realize how great a man he was.
Only then did they fully understand what he meant.
Only by the end of the year, shall we know whether the business has made a profit.
Only in north-west Scotland have I seen such scenery as that.
Если придаточное предложение начинается с only when, в главном предложении происходит инверсия. Например:
Only when I had the man's story, did I realize that you were in danger.
(г) со слова so в сочетании с прилагательным или наречием. Например:
So important was the news that the messenger was taken instantly to the King.
So deafening wasjhe noise that I could hardly hear myself speak.
So seriously was he injured that he was taken to hospital at once.
3. При кратком ответе, начинающемся с neither (nor). Например:
• Pedro can't speak Russian, neither (nor) can Olaf.
Frieda didn't go to the dance, neither (nor) did Jan.
4. При разрыве прямой речи или когда главное предложение стоит после придаточного с прямой речью. Например:
"That reminds me," said Hob, "of a good story."
"What shall we do?" said Jan.
1 Note that after no sooner (which is ajcomparative), than is used; after scarcely, hardly you should use when.
¦622
5. В восклицательных предложениях, вводимых there или here. Например:
There goes our train! Here comes the bridel
6. В случае, когда предложение начинается с наречия, обычно в функции усиления. Например:
Now comes ту great news.
Over the hills came the Camerons.
Often have I heard it said that he is not to be trusted.
Near the church was an old cottage.
By his side sat his faithful dog.
Such was the story he told me.
7. С некоторыми устаревшими формами сослагательного наклонения. Например:
May you be very happy. Come what may.
Или в конструкции с had (= if... had). Например:
Had /known that you were coming, I would have stayed at home to welcome you.
Had the news reached me earlier I could have done something about
it.
Note how a change of word order can completely alter the meaning. For example: a garden floweris not the same as a flower-garden', a racehorse as a horse-race; a glass eye as an eyeglass, or a foot long as a long foot. And there is a good deal of difference between:
"He doesn 't like wine very much,"and: "He doesn't like very much wine."
1. Объясните значение следующих сочетаний, учитывая порядок слов, а затем, поменяв слова местами, объясните значение новых сочетаний. Для иллюстрации значений придумайте предложения:
playing card; grammar school; flower garden; eyeglass; village green; house dog; bicycle pedal; pocket-book; oil-lamp
623¦
2. Начните предложение со слов в скобках; сделайте необходимые изменения:
1. That has been said before. (Never)
2. We had reached home when it began to rain. (Hardly)
3. You will get better cakes than these. (Nowhere)
4. I said that you were dishonest. (Neither yesterday nor at any other time.)
5. We knew how badly hurt he was. (Only after the doctor had seen him.)
3. Определите правильный порядок слов в предложениях:
1. The ball hit him on his head, which was made of solid rubber.
2. The boys said that the school meals were bad and would not obey their masters.
3. During the struggle the burglar dropped his gun near the door which Bill kicked under the table.
Прок го
Great Britons (4): Florence Nightingale
FRIEDA: Mr. Priestley, you have told us about a number of great English men, but you've said nothing about great English women.
MR. PRIESTLEY: Well, I mentioned Queen Elizabeth and Queen Victoria.
FRIEDA I wasn't thinking so much about kings and queens. They are sometimes great only owing to their position. I wondered if there were any who had become great by what they did.
MR. PRIESTLEY: Oh yes, quite a lot. I could mention Jane Austen, the Вгоп1ё sisters, Elizabeth Barrett Browning, George Eliot, Christina Rossetti.
OLAF: All these were writers. It's natural, I suppose, that women should become great by writing.
