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Базовый курс английского языка - Эккерсли К.Э.

Эккерсли К.Э. Базовый курс английского языка — М.: Лист Нью, 2002. — 704 c.
ISBN 5-7871-0174-X
Скачать (прямая ссылка): bazoviykursangliyskogo2003.djvu
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In all the examples just given, the meaning of dare you? = "have you courage enough?", "are you brave enough?" There is another slightly different meaning, a meaning "to challenge", e.g.
I dared him to ask for a holiday tomorrow.
He dared me to walk down Piccadilly in my pyjamas.
Do you dare me to swim to that rock and back again?
Here, as you see, dare has a personal object (him, me, etc.) and is conjugated with do and is followed by an infinitive with to.
Just one other expression should be noticed: I daresay, which simply means perhaps, it is probable.
1 Обратите внимание на то, что окончание s отсутствует в третьем лице единственного числа.
¦460
He is not here yet, but I daresay he will come later.
Do you think Alice will come and see us today? Oh, I daresay.
The expression is not used with any pronoun except /.
Used (to)
Used [ju:st] only just manages to get into the group of specials. Undoubtedly it is peculiar; for example, there is no other form of it except used, and the usual grammar books will tell you that the interrogative is used you? and the negative usen't. But we are all rather doubtful about it. You will hear:
You used to live in London, usen't you?
He usen't to smoke as much as he does now.
There used to be an old apple tree in the garden. Oh, used there?
Used you to climb the old apple tree in the garden?
You usen't to make that mistake.
But the tendency is more and more in spoken English to say:
You used to live in London, didn't you?
He didn't use to smoke as much as he does now.
There used to be an old apple tree in the garden. Oh, did there?
Did you use to climb the old apple tree in the garden?
You didn't use to make that mistake.
We still feel uneasy about using do and did, and in negative sen- ' tences we often try to avoid the difficulty by using never.
You never used to make that mistake.
He never used to smoke as much, etc.
In all those sentences used expressed something that was usual or habitual in the past, e.g.
I used to work in London but I don't work there now, I work in Manchester.
You will note that the present tense of:
"I used to work (in London)" is Not
"Now I use to work (in Manchester)" but the Simple Present Tense, "Now I work (in Manchester)."
Don't confuse used with this meaning and used to [ju:z't3] meaning "accustomed to", e.g.
461 ¦
Adam, the gardener, works better than I do in the garden.
He's used to doing hard work. I'm not used to hard work, but I'll get used to it in time.
Your cat, Sally, won't sit on my knee as she does on yours.
Well, she's used to me, she's not used to you.
You will see from the above examples how we use the phrase used to (= accustomed to). It is always followed by an object ("hard work", "it", "me", "you") or a gerund, e.g. "working", "doing", etc.
Nor must you confuse used to with the verb: use [ju:z], or the past participle of this verb used [ju:zd], e.g.
I use the same shaving brush now that I have used for ten years.
I think you have used your time well while you have been in England.
And that, I think, is the end for the time-being of the lessons on "The Specials".
¦ УПРАЖНЕНИЯ
1. Дайте отрицательный ответ:
1. Dare you speak to her?
2. Dare the children drive the car alone?
3. Will he dare to come?
4. Did he dare to swim across the river?
5. Usen't you to go to school with John?
6. Didn't you use to go to school with John?
7. Usen't he to work in Liverpool?
8. Didn't he use to work in Liverpool?
9. Are you used to getting up early?
10. Used you to get up early when you were at home?
11. Is Lucille used to driving that car?
12. Usen't she to have a smaller car than that?
2. Объясните разницу в значении предложений (а) и (Ь):
(a) Не dared to swim across the river, and (b) He dared me to swim across the river.
¦462
(a) She dared to ask the teacher for a holiday, and (b) She dared me to ask the teacher for a holiday.
3. Закончите следующие предложения, образуя разделительные вопросы:
1. You daren't do that,_________?
2. He didn't dare to do that,_________?
3. He won't dare to do that,__________?
4. He dared you to do that,_________ ?
5. You used to live there,_________?
6. He usen't to work in London,___________?
7. He never used to spend so much money before he knew Lucille,
?
8. You used to like dancing,___________?
9. He daren't say what he thinks,__________?
10. He didn't dare to say what he thought,__________?
Qpok зз
The Eisteddfod
(Extracts from Jan's diary)
...I think the last two days have been two of the most interesting days I have ever spent. I have seen a Welsh Eisteddfod, a national gathering of an enormous crowd of people devoted to music and poetry. The Welsh are a nation of singers. Wherever you get a crowd of Welshmen, whether they're down the mine, in the factory or waiting on the platform for a train, they just can't help bursting into song. "Anyone," said Mr. Evans, "who has heard a crowd of 50,000 Welshmen before a Rugby match at Cardiff singing 'Land of my Fathers', will never forget it." You could hardly find a town in Wales, however small, that hasn't a choir. Its conductor isn't a trained musician; he may be only a miner, an agricultural labourer; but the university lecturer or the doctor's daughter will be happy to work under his leadership. The choir will gather in the little chapel almost every night for practice- for they are preparing for the Eisteddfod, and the pieces set for competition need a lot of practice to bring them to perfection. I should think the Welsh are the only people in the world whose only national festival is devoted to music and poetry. For that is what an Eisteddfod is. Their National Eisteddfod1 is held every year in the first week in August, one year in the North of Wales, the next year in the South, and competitors come from all parts of Wales to compete in it. For twelve months thousands of Welsh people have been practising music. During the week of the competition about a hundred thousand people will travel to the Eisteddfod to hear the competitors and listen to the judges' decisions.
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