Гербы и флаги карелии - Пашков A.M.
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Karelian territory had been the arena of the lasting fierce war betwen the Republic of Novgorod (it was the state of Moscow since 1478) and Sweden during the 13th—17th centuries. During the war part of the Karelian isthmus area as well as of the North Ladoga area fell conjisreq fallen to the Swedish well rule, others were founded by them but all of them were granted Swedish coats of arms. The book offers the emblems and coats of arms of Vyborg, Kexholm (now Priozersk), Sordvalla (now Sortavala) (figs. 10—12, 14—16, 19—21). The year of 1562 saw the first Swedish coat
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of arms for Karelia (fig. 13). The towns of the Ladoga area had boasted of having Swedish coats of arms right before the Second World War. After the war the territory became part of the USSR. Lately these coats of arms have again been used as coats of arms of Vyborg, Priozersk and Sortavala. There have appeared at the same time in Finland the coats of arms of former native residents of Kurkiyoki, Lahdenpohya and Harlu. The coats of arms of the communities which they have by now set up in Finland have been designed by Finnish artists (figs. 22—24).
The first Russia-related coats of arms for Karelia made their appearance in the reign of Peter the Great. In 1712 the banner of the Olonets regiment received a design which before long became the emblem of the Olonets province (fig. 27). It was precisely at that time that the emblems of Vyborg and Kargopol came into being. Count F. Santi and General B. Minikh were the enthusiasts who continued to work out the heraldry of Karelia. New Emblems of Karelian towns were designed during the reign of Catherine the 2nd. In 1774 Prince M. Shcher-batovv made draft coats of arms for Olonets and Vytegra. In 1781 Catherine the 2nd gave her approval lo the coats of arms for Olonets, Petrozavodsk, Padansk (now the settlement of Padany), Kargopol and Vytegra (figs. 34—35, 41—42, 44), In 1788 Catherine the 2»<i approved of the coats of arms for Vyborg, Serdobol (now Sortavala), Kaksholm, Lodeynoye Pole. Pudozh,
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Kem and Povenets (figs. 11, 15, 50, 54, 56, 57).
In 1802 tzar Aleksandr the 1st granted a coat of arms to the Olonets province which was later modified by herald designer B. Kene and newly approved by Aleksandr the 2nd in 1876 (figs. 59—60).
A civil war broke out in Karelia after the October Revolution of 1917. It was in summer 1918 that the villagers of Uhta (now Kalevala) adopted a flag for their own community (fig. 62). The Karelian national «Provisional Government of Belomorsk Karelia» was set up in the summer of 1919. The well-known Finnish artist A. Gal-len-Kallela created the emblem and flag for the government of Uhta in the spring of 1920 (figs. 63—65). The pressure of the Red Army forced the government of Uhta and part of North Karelia's population to retreat to Finland. Though the draft for a new emblem and flag was brought up for discussion by the Karels who lived in Finland in the 1930s (fig. 66), the emblem and flag created by A. Gallen-Kallela is still the official symbol of Karelian organizations in Finland up to the present day and lately both symbols have become current in Karelia too. During the first years of Soviet power Karelia could not boast of its own national symbols and that was why it came to employ the emblems and flags of the Russian Federation and the Soviet Union (figs. 67—69). It was not untill 19.57 that the first Soviet symbols of Karelia came into being. They were almost precise
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replicas of the counterpart symbols of the Russian Federation (figs. 70—76, 79—81, 83—84), though they were time and again modified in 1940, 1956 and 1978. It was only in 1947 that an attempt was made to withdraw from the cliche in the draft flag of Karelia, (fig. 73). The process of creating Soviet town emblems started in the 1960s- Various town emblems were approved, among them was the one of Prio-zersk (1969), of Petrozavodsk (1973), the emblem of Kondopoga received an unofficial approval (1983) (figs. 78—80). The reconstruction years have seen the creation of the emblems of Belo-morsk (1968), of Pitkaranta (1990), of Petrozavodsk (1991), the draft emblem of Kosto-muksha (1993) (figs. 81—84). The elaboration of new national symbols in Karelia was started in 1991. The competition for a new emblem and flag for Karelia went off well in 1992. The drafts designed by I. Nivin and V. Dobrynin — A. Gallen-Kallela won their way (fig. 89). The adoption of new symbols gave rise to heated discussions which resulted in Karelia's Supreme Soviet adopting the amended draft emblem of I. Nivin with the flag designed by A. Kinner (figs. 92—93). Though the history of Karelia's emblems and flags runs to several centuries the active elaboration of Karelia's heraldry has still been underway. The present book is an attempt to give a historical intepretation to the accumulated experience in heraldry and render assistance to the contemporary herald designers.
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SIGNATURES TO THE ILLUSTRATIONS
