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Государства и культуры иранского государства - Гафуров Б.Г.

Гафуров Б.Г. Государства и культуры иранского государства — Москва, 1971. — 204 c.
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The inscription is of great interest as being the single known representation in the Imperial-Aramaic orthography of an Old Iranian liturgical text.

E. A, Gr an t о и s k^^

THE SETTLING OF IRANIAN TRIBES [ N THE TERRITORY OF IRAN

This paper deals with some problems of the history of Iranian tribes from their first appearance in Iran to the rise of the greai Median and Achaemenid Empires. It also discusses the distribution of Iranian tribes in the territory of Iran and the formation of the Iranian ethnos there as well as the causes of such a wide distribution of the Iranian population, the
relationships of Iranian immigrants and the indigenous population, etc. The investigation of these problems has been mainly based on the data of Assyrian texts of the IX—VII centuries В. С, relating to Iran and on onomastic material contained therein. The solution of the above mentioned problems depends largely on determining the language group to which this material belongs. The data of the Assyrian texts was examined by the author in his previous works and he has come to the conc-iusion that the Iranian element in the population of Western Iran in the IX— VII centuries В. С. was much larger than usually supposed. In this paper the author examines some additional historical and geographical facts, that make it possible to attribute with more confidence certain names to the Iranian language group, while the Assyrian transliteration alone of these names makes i! difficult to draw an indisputable conclusion. The Iranian origin of a considerable group of such names from the Assyrian sources is confirmed by an analysis of the Iranian onomastic material yielded by the Elamite fortification texts from Pcrsepolis. These data also enable us to confirm certain suggestions on the etymology of names from the Assyrian inscriptions and emphasize the continuity in the onomastics of Western Iran from the Assyrian times to the Achae-

347

nientd period. A comparison of the onomastic data of these periods confirms that the main features of the religion of the Achaemenides, including the cult of Mazda, go back to the religious beliefs of the West Iranian tribes in the IX— VIII centuries В. С. The question of «proper Persian» and «non-Persian» (often considered to be Median) words of the Persian vocabulary is discussed in connection with the name *Parsava; the author believes that the former as well as the latter belonged io the dialects of Persian tribes themselves and existed in the dialects of Western Iran as far back as the VIII century В. С. (as some data of the Assyrian texts show) or even earlier.

On the basis of these data one may speak with more confidence about the wide distribution of the Iranian population in Iran in the early 1st millennium В. С. Appearance of the Iranians in the western outlying districts of Iran must date from the XI—X centuries В. С.; their appearance further to the North (near Urmia lake and in Transcaucasia when they moved across the Caucasus) or further to the East (in the territory what was to become Media, when they moved from Central Asia) must date from the XII—XI senturies В. С. The growth of the Median State and invasions by the Cimmerians and the Scythians cannot be regarded as the reason for the spread of the Iranian language in Iran, because the Iranian-speaking population was predominant in many regions of Iran much earlier.

The Iranization of various territories, which is often traced mainly through the spread of the Iranian language, was accompanied by radical changes in •other basic ethnic characteristics of the population. By the time of their appearance in Iran, Iranian tribes had developed traditions of economic life, social relations and culture which went back to the time when they lived in the steppes and forest-steppes of Euro-Asia. This must be kept in mind when dealing with question of the relationships of the indigenous population and Iranian Iribes or with the problem of the ethnogeny of Iranian peoples in the territory of Iran.

СОДЕРЖАНИЕ

Б. Г, Гафуров (Москва). К 2500-летию иранского государева ... 5

И. М. Оранский (Ленинград). Изучение памятников древпеирапекон письменности в СССР (1917—1970)............38

И. П. Петрушевский (Ленинград). Изучение феодального общества Ирана в России и в СССР.........71

И. В. Пьянков (Душанбе). Образование державы Ахеменидов по данным античных источников . .....83

М. А. Дандамаев (Ленинград). Ахеменидшое государство п его значение в истории древнего Востока........94

В. Г. Луконин (Ленинград). Искусство древнего Ирана (основные этапы)............Ю5

И. М. Дьяконов (Ленинград). Восточный Иран до Кира (К возможности новых постановок вопроса)......... 122

Б. Я. Ставиский (Москва). Средняя Азия и ахеменидскпй Иран . . . 155

•О, Бердыев (Ашхабад). Южная Туркмения и Иран в эпоху камня и раннего металла...........164

В. И. Сарианиди (Москва). Погребения Гиссар III. Новые материалы и наблюдения..........170
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