Государства и культуры иранского государства - Гафуров Б.Г.
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It is essential that the greatest achievements in the field of architecture were accomplished in Central Asia and Iran at the periods when there was an active «exchange of ideas on both sides, when compositional systems, methods and forms were modified and developed on the basis of local trends and schools.
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E. A t a g a r г у t3 a
SOME MONUMENTS OF IRANIAN APPLIED ART OF THE
XII—XIII CENTURIES AND THEIR CENTRAL-ASIAN COUNTERPARTS
(archaeological findings In southern Turkmenistan)
Archaeological findings on the territory of Southern Turkmenistan include a number of works of Iranian applied art: tiles, ceramic pottery, and metal articles. The pottery includes vessels with rich zoomorphous and athropomorph-ous decorative patterns and inscriptions \vritcn in Naskh script. Archaeologists have established that vessels whose lustre desing was similar to those made in Iran were also made in Merv. M. H. Masson has disclosed the names of sonic fifteen Merv potters; among those one \vas Mohammed Nishapuri, an Iranian master. The metal articles are also of great interest to students of the artistic heritage of Central Asia and Iran.
The magnificent samples of Iranian applied arL found in Southern Tun\;nu-nia corroborate the data contained in \viitten sources, which testify to the fa.:! that during the Middle Ages Central Asia maintained close trade and culimal relations with Iran.
A. N. В old у г с :j
ANCIENT CULTURAL TRADITIONS AS REFLECTED IN CLASSIC LITERATURE OF IRAN
Modern science has accumulated substantial information on Iran's cultural and political renaissance («the Iranian Shuubiya») which resulted from the Irans conquest by the Arabs. That «peaceful reconqucsb («the victory of the conquered over the conquerors» — G. Lamrnens) gradually covered all splio-res of the country's life —her state system and army, her economy, religion, science, literature and the arts.
A great number of monuments of the Middle-Persian written sources preserved in the form of translations and alterations by the Arab-speaking shuubiyans of the VIII—IX centuries headed by «the first martyr of the Moslem inquisition», Ibn al-Muqaffa, had eventually perished by the beginning of the Xlth century; some traces of them were left in Arab and Persian versions, ^-tellings and citations. At present science has exposed numerous vestiges of Pre-Moslem culture in modern Persian literature; most of these have been observed in the epos, didactic story and sufi concepts. Some very interesting
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-ideas have been brought forward about the Middle Persian —New Persian succession in the field of metrics and poetics. The reflection of ancient cultural traditions — and not only the reflection, but also active, even productive influence—is also observed in the fact that the whole of New Persian literature from its inception to this day it inhabited by characters from Ihe mythical--epic pantheon: Jamshid, Rust am, Siyavush, Iskandar, etc.
V. I. A bayev
FROM IRANIAN ONOMASTICS
/. The personal names of the Achaemenids
Contrary to the common opinion that a number of Achaemenid names, such ;as Kurus, Kambujiya, Cispis are of non-Iranian origin, they can be explained by means of the Iranian languages; hence, all the Achaemenid names without •exception are of Persian origin.
Kurus is derived from the common Iranian stem. *kur-, which verbally meant «to be born» (the Ossetic i-gurun — «to be born» from the Old Iranian *vi-kur-), and nominally meant «child», «baby», «buck», «hero», etc. (the kur-dish kur «boy», «son», the Persian kurra «buck», the Ossetic kur «bull-calf»).
The name Kambujiya is derived from the tribal name Kamboja, as it was convincingly shown by J. Charpentier in his time.
The name Cispis, taking into account some small phonetic variations, corresponds to the ancient Indian sisvis and means «growing», «mighty».
2. The Avestan Spitama, Pablavi Spitaman, Ossetic Sidaemon
According to Ossetic legends, one of the forefathers of the Ossetic people .had the name of Sidaemon. This name is traced back to the Old Iranian *Spita-mana, Pahlavi Spitaman, the tribal name of Zoroaster. Historically, however, Sidasmon of Ossetia and the ethnogonical legend in which he plays part are in no way connected with the Avestan tradition and are totally independent.
Speaking of the ethnic relationship of the clan of Spitama from which Zoroaster came, one should bear in mind the Ossetic eponym Sidaemon, as well .as the Scythian name Spithames (Phanagoria, IV century В. С.) as the two ca--ses whose ethnic relationship does not leave a shade of doubt.
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M. N. Bogolyubov
AN OLD IRANIAN PRAYER TO AHURAMAZDA IN ARAMAIC CHARACTERS. ON THE UNDECIPHERED INSCRIPTION FROM CAPPADOCIA
On Stone I from Cappadocia under the short Aramaic inscription there is a slightly damaged undeciphered inscription written in Aramaic script of the Achaemenid peiiod. It opens with the name of Ahuramazda and has the following text in transliteration (!) hwrmzd [zw] ym b [yw] rm mtr br (2) mw 'tr rdy mw 'tr rdy mw 'tr rdy. The author reads this text in Old Iranian and translates it as follows: (1) Ahwramazda zawaima abyawaram a(h)ma & га bara (2) (a)mawa atar radaya (3 times) «Let's exclaim: Oh, Ahuramazda, bear us aid! Oh, mighty Fire, take care! Oh, mighty Fire, take care! Oh, mighty Fire, take-care!»
