Государства и культуры иранского государства - Гафуров Б.Г.
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Lately an increasing number of scholars have been regarding South-«East Europe as the homeland of Iranian-speaking peoples. It was from there, they claim, that Iranian-speaking tribes started migrating at different periods -and in different directions. There are reasons to believe that Westiranian-speaking tribes came to Iran via the Caucasus as far back as the turn of Ше "first or second millennium B. C. East-Iranian tribes, including the Sarmatian-Alans, later on followed the same way.
The article largely deals with materials concerning raids of the Sarmatian-Alans to Transcaucasia in the I—II centuries A.
D. and testifying to their settling down in a number of places there, namely in Azerbaijan. The article corroborates the idea that the materials in the well-known Mingechaur catacombs «dating back to the first centuries A. D. are of Sarmatian-Alan origin.
Events connected with the migration of this group of the Sarmatian-Alari
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tribes took place in the main on the territory of Transcaucasia, but are also-directly related to Iran, where they penetrated as well. Their raids were an important factor in the later political history of Iran, which was reflected in written sources. Apart from that invasions of those tribes apparently played a significant role in the ethnogeny of the population in NorthWestern regions-of Iran. Lately it has become possible to link the information on the invasion of. Iran by the Sarmatian-Alans contained in written sources with archaeological findings in Iran proper. Here burial catacombs have recently been found near the Caspian shore, dating back to the first centuries A. D. These are very close-to the contemporary Sarmatian-Alan monuments of the northern Caucasus and Transcaucasia. Invasions of Iran by the Sarmatian-Alans were closely related, to their migration to Transcaucasia and were its direct continuation.
G. А. Ко she ienko
THE ROYAL POWER AND ITS SANCTIFICATION IN EARLY PARTHIA
The article discusses the ideological background of the royal power of the-Arsacides. The author resorts to sources which, as a rule, are rarely used in the-given field: numismatics and the notes by Isidore of Charax. The author stresses the very complex nature of the theory that sanctified the royal power in early Parthia, which combined both common Hellenistic and common Iranian, concepts. The royal power was sanctified by the fact of the conquest, as well as by postulating the relationship between the royal power and divine forces,, which found its expression in the kings' coronation temples.
M. E. M as so n
FINDS OF COINS OF THE SASSANID DYNASTY ON THE TERRITORY OF THE SOVIET CENTRAL ASIAN REPUBLICS
This general survey is largely based on the author's more than half a century work on coin finds gathered throughout the Soviet Central Asia (the materials on some of these have not yet been published) during the author's numerous expeditions and his acquaintance with the antiquarian market of old Turkestan.
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The author compares data contained in written sources with archaeological and topographical observations throughout the area from the Caspian Sea to the Pamirs where lay the northern borders of the Sassanid Empire. The fact that the borders did not change through the III to the VII centuries, was corroborated by the overall number of findinds of copper coins minted in the Sassanid state. The abundance of some types of Sassanid drachms, sometimes whole troves of them, found north of the abovesaid borders in linked by the author with certain political, economic and cultural traits in the history of Central Asia.
All that brings into a new focus the circulation of Sassanid coins on the territory now occupied by the Soviet Central Asian republics; the article also shows their impact on local coin-minting through different periods and provides -relevant explanations.
G. A. Pugachenkova
ARCHITECTURE IN CENTRAL ASIA AND IRAN: ITS HISTORIC TIES
The study and evaluation of the artistic heritage of Iran and Central Asia were long hampered by a certain one-sided approach, namely that Central Asia was regarded as an outlying province of the Iranian world. In reality, creative initiative came from both sides, and the art of these regions was always marked .by a continuous exchange of ideas. That process was most strongly manifested in architecture which is characterized by the unity of such categories as building techniques, aesthetics, social conditions, and a mode of life. This proposition has been corroborated by numerous examples pertaining to the- development of architectural typology, architectonics, and decor. Such is the antique compositional design of palaces and temples in the form of a square hall (sometimes with four pillars), or of a peristyle yard, or of a yard where a group of buildings or a couloir are closed in by four barrel-vaulted structures. In the Middle Ages the latter found its new architectural expression as an enclosure for .numerous rooms, premises, corridors, and galleries (country mansions, caravanserais, medreses, and great mosques). Another example is a four-arched structure with a central dome, sometimes complemented with a vaulted portal (big mansions, mausoleums, marketplace buildings). As regards the decor, the common trend is observed in semi-circular or goffered elements and in the ornamental variety of brickwork.
