Основы криогенеза литосферы - Романовский Н.Н.
ISBN 5—211—02379—X
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VII.4. История развития и особенности криолитозоны орогенных областей..........291
Глава VIII. СУБМАРЙННАЯ* КРИОЛИТОЗОНА АРКТИЧЕСКОГО
БАССЕЙНА............296
VIII. 1. Типы субмаринной криолитозоны Арктического бассейна и представления о их формировании . . 296
VIII.2. Закономерности формирования температур придонного слоя воды и пород Арктического бассейна 303
VIII.3. Мощности и строение субмаринной криолитозоны 304
Заключение............... 314
Список литературы............. 324
Оглавление............... 330
CONTENTS
Introduction............... 4
I. GENERAL INFORMATION ABOUT GRYOGENESIS OF LITHO SPHERE.....i .......... 5
1.1. Concept of Lithosphere Cryogenesis and How the Book is Structured.......... . 5
1.2. Development of the Earth Lithosphere Cryogenesis 7
1.3. Principle Stages of Development for Recent Permafrost . . i . ........... is
II. ZONAL AND REGIONAL REGULARITIES OF SPREADING AND THERMAL REGIME FOR PERMAFROST, TALIKS, SEASONAL FREEZING AND THAWING OF SOILS.......24
ILL The Role of Radiation, Climatic and Landscape Factors in the Formation of Thermal Regime for Earth Surface and Soils ?............24
11.2. Causes and Features of Geocryological Latitudinal Zo-nality and "Sectorality"..........43
11.3. Geocryological Altitudinal Zonality, Its Types and Peculiarities of Manifestation in Connection with Altitude
and Geographical Location of Mountain Areas ... 49
11.4. The Influence of Regional Factors on Distibution
and Thermal Regime of Permafrost . . . i . . 59
11.5. Regularities of Talik Distribution and Existence . . 64
11.6. Principal Regularities of Seasonal Soil Freezing and Thawing............. 6&
III. ZONAL AND REGIONAL REGULARITIES OF PERIGLACIAL PROCESSES DEVELOPMENT AND SPREADING OF PERIGLACIAL PHENOMENA............73
111.1. The Relations Between Periglacial Processes and Phenomena in the System of Cryogenesis......73
111.2. Frost Weathering ,(Zonal and Regional Regularities) 75
333
Ш.З. Regularities of Recent Spreading of Frost Heaving. Phenomena of Frost Heaving and Its Regional and Zonal Location..............81
Ш.4. Regularities of Frost Cracking and Polygonal—Wedge Structures Formation..........86
111.5. Spot Medallions and Cryoturbation.....99
111.6. Solifluction and Solifluction Phenomena . . . . 104
111.7. Regularities of Kurum Spreading, Composition and Mobility..............109
Ш.8. Rock—Glaciers. Regularities of Formation and Distribution ;................114
Ш.9. Thermocarst Phenomena. Regularities of Formation, Spreading and Mobility..........119
ШЛО. Thermoabrasion. Regularities of Spreading and Development .............125
III.ll. Regularities of Icing and Icing Features Formation 130
IV. ZONAL AND REGIONAL REGULARITIES OF SYNGENETIC AND EPIGENETIC PERMAFROST STRATA FORMATION ' . . 140
I V.l. Syngenetic and Epigenetic Permafrost Strata. Their
Role in Permafrost Zone Formation.......140
IV.2. Regional and Zonal Regularities of Syngenetic Perennially Frozen Deposits Formation ....... 142
IV.3. Regional and Zonal Regularities of Spreading and Cryogenetic Building of Epigenetic Perennially Frozen Soils 163
IV.4. Epigenetic Frozen Rocks and Their Cryogenic Building
in Massifs.............171
IV.5. Taber and Taberlike Deposits.......175
V. REGIONAL AND ZONAL REGULARITIES OF PERMAFROST BUILDING AND PERMAFROST THICKNESS FORMATION . . 181
V.l. Method of Analysis for Regional and Zonal Features
of Permafrost Building and Permafrost Thickness . . 181
V.2. To the Question of Thermal Properties of Soils and Rocks in Massifs............185
V.3, Regularities of Influence of Geostructural and Geo-thermal Conditions on Permafrost Thickness and Permafrost Building............191
V.4. Influence of Geomorphology and Topography on Permafrost Thickness and Permafrost Building .... 207
V.5. Influence of Ground Water on Permafrost Distribution, Building and Thickness........212
V.6. Gases and Gas Hydrates in Aquasphere and Their Interaction with Permafrost . ........218
V.7. Influence of Arctic Seas Transgression and Regression on Permafrost Building and Thickness . . . . 227
V.8. Glaciation and Deglaciation. Their Relations and Interaction with Permafrost.........231
334
VI. BASIC FEATURES OF CRYGENESIS AND PECULIARITIES OF PLATFORM PERMAFROST..........245
VI. 1. Main Geostructural Features of Platforms. Their Influence on Permafrost Conditions.......245
VL2. Relief and Late Cepozoic Deposits. Their Influence
on Permafrost Conditions.........248
VI.3. Cryohydrogeological Features of Platforms . . . 252
VI.4. Zone of Gas Hydrate Formation of Oil and Gas Regions in Permafrost Area........ . 262
VI.5. Natural History and Building of Platforms Permafrost............... . 270
VII. BASIC FEATURES OF CRYOGENESIS AND PECULIARITIES
